tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-33402921222859743842024-03-13T14:28:16.285-07:00How to write a summary essaySports Psychology Research Paper TopicsOralia Frizzellhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10190631328941057613noreply@blogger.comBlogger63125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3340292122285974384.post-53628595113438497022020-08-26T14:42:00.001-07:002020-08-26T14:42:05.589-07:00Your Work Adds Value â⬠Start Pricing It That WayYour Work Adds Value â⬠Start Pricing It That Way At the point when I started to ask about a cleaning administration â⬠you know, somebody to clean my home so I could have two hours of my life back â⬠I was stunned with the going rate. The going rate for cleaning toilets (in my general vicinity) is $80 every hour. You need clean clothing? Significantly more. This caused me to think about how specialists value their administrations, yet whether they accept they offer something of significant worth. This isnt to state cleaning professionally doesnt have the right to be paid. It sure does. Be that as it may, composing professionally is worth in any event that, dont you think? On the off chance that you look online for the going pace of independent essayists, youll be baffled. Those rates are bogus. On the off chance that you acknowledge that $30 an hour for a composing venture is reasonable, youd be in an ideal situation cleaning toilets professionally. How would you check the low charges as an expert essayist? Quality customers To begin with, acknowledge you should just acknowledge the customers who will consent to your rates. Customers must have a considerable promoting spending plan. Theres a motivation behind why cleaning administrations are commonly utilized Charge per venture Second, drop the hourly rate. When your handyman is taking a shot at an undertaking, would you say you are watching the clock and seeing $100 fly out the window consistently? Dont do that to customers. Give them a set venture expense, which corporate customers like. Dont devalue your aptitude Value your worth Third, create trust in your rates. Dont leave space for arrangement State no At last, say no more frequently. The more work you acknowledge at offending rates, that is extra work you could lose at better rates. Filter out the unfortunate, modest paying customers. Set yourself up as a specialist. Produce quality work and improve your portfolio. The greater quality customers you decide to work with, the more youll accept youre worth each penny. Understand that you will consistently be encircled Oralia Frizzellhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10190631328941057613noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3340292122285974384.post-75808120184992425432020-08-22T08:32:00.001-07:002020-08-22T08:32:18.955-07:00The Cherry Orchard Review Essay ExampleThe Cherry Orchard Review Paper Exposition on The Cherry Orchard The play The Cherry Orchard last work of the extraordinary author, AP Chekhov. He kept in touch with her, being at death's door, as though bidding farewell to adored Russia, recalling all the most significant relic of times gone by, present, and contemplating the future, about what he will desert. Diverse play legends represent the past, present and future. For instance, Ranevskaya and Guys fixated on recollections of times past, LOPAKHIN occupied flitting issues, trying to exploit all that he has right now, and Peter and Anya look a long ways ahead, paying little mind to the real occasions. So past, present and future discover their relations all through the story. Each character talks about his own, without tuning in to the next, with the outcome that there is a quietness wherein you hear the far off sound of a tragic broken string. The internal dramatization of each is a higher priority than outside occasions. It appears that the writer appears to ask perusers questions and to myself for what valid reason so absurdly squandering his life individuals? why it is so easygoing about family members? Why spend so untrustworthy words and essentialness, innocently accepting that they will live perpetually and will have the option to carry on with an existence without remedies, once more? Legends of the play and merit feel sorry for, and savage chuckling through tears imperceptible to the world. We will compose a custom paper test on The Cherry Orchard Review explicitly for you for just $16.38 $13.9/page Request now We will compose a custom article test on The Cherry Orchard Review explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer We will compose a custom article test on The Cherry Orchard Review explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer AP. Chekhov has made an equivocal work, the discussion about the class that exists right up 'til today. While taking a shot at the play Chekhov talked about her character all in all, came out I don't have the dramatization and satire, at times even joke and communicated his disappointment with the general understanding of the play: Why on banners and in paper advertisements my play so relentlessly called the show? Nemirovich Alexeyev (Stanislavsky) to see my play emphatically not what I composed, and Im ready to give anything a word that them two had not painstakingly perused my play . Its opportunity to go! In the manner! - with these words leave the house, bolting the entryways. There stays just the old Firs, which is by all accounts all dealt with, yet whom and neglected to send to the emergency clinic. Fiers, moaning that Leonid went to the coat, instead of in a fur garment, lets go lie still. I heard a similar sound of a breaking string. There is quietness, and just heard as distant in the nursery with a hatchet thump on wood. Oralia Frizzellhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10190631328941057613noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3340292122285974384.post-32705794634236130802020-08-20T21:42:00.001-07:002020-08-20T21:42:04.562-07:0012 Creative Ways to Spice Up Your Boring Lunch Break 12 Creative Ways to Spice Up Your Boring Lunch Break What does an average lunch break sound like to you?Munching on boring bits of white sandwich bread while you watch a YouTube video on your smartphone? Catch the latest gossip news from your work buddy on how the hottest romantic couple in your office just broke up? Many share this grim fate of a boring lunch break while making small-talk with our coworkers.But what if we told you that your lunch hour could be just as exciting as a lavish holiday trip to an exotic location?Alright, we exaggerated the last bit, but we guarantee that lunch breaks donât have to be a lonely affair.In fact, using these 12 creative ways, youâll always look forward to your lunch hour breaks to come up with exciting things to do.12 EXCEPTIONAL LUNCH BREAK TRENDS TO FOLLOW IN THE WORKPLACE1. Mini Games with Your Co-WorkersâUnited We Stand, Divided We Fall.â Thatâs pretty much the motto of any team building atmosphere.Uniting your co-workers together for a round of fun games helps you connect better and makes lunchtime an exciting affair for everyone.Introduce your co-workers to a new way of experiencing an exciting lunch each day.Here are 3 team building games to have fun with your office mates.Truth or LiesItâs a spin-off of the much popular âTruth or Dareâ but instead of being bold you just ask fun questions to your office mates and watch as they spill out the beans.To play the game, first, invite all interested colleagues to form a circle over at the lunch table and while they are munching on their food explain the rules which are as below.Each participant will say a short story no longer than 50-words and not exceeding 30 secondsOnce the story is completed, the rest of the table needs to guess if the story was true or a lieEach person gets one chance and those who guess correctly get a point eachAfter tallying exactly who got the most points at the end of the lunch breakThe winner is namedIf the game gets popular, consider adding a smal l prize like a free snack or lunch for the winnerThis game gets people talking and chatting and especially invites the shy coworkers who never talk due to fear of social anxiety to participate in the fun.This way you can entertain everyone in the office while boosting the morale of your office mates.Name the Song TrackIf your office mates love music, then this game is sure to strike their creative chords. The rules of this game are simpleUsing your smartphoneâs speaker, play a song from a random genre and see if anyone guesses the song.The first person to guess the song right gets a pointRemember to pay attention to when they shout out the name of the correct song to judge the winnerYou can play the sample track for 4-to-6 seconds for the best way to keep them guessingWith this game, youâll have a wide understanding of the various music tastes of your office mates.Donât reuse songs from the same genre and instead spread out various genres like pop, synth, metal, tran ce, jazz, DB, etc.To spice up the fun, you can even create teams of 3-5 members.The Mannequin This popular social-media challenge went viral and was the craze of the internet.The basic concept was to remain motionless in a position mimicking the posture of a mannequin.Instead of filming the entire office, be the host and tell them that the moment you yell out the word âMANNEQUINâ, everyone must remain motionless and even a slight hint of movement disqualifies the person.Perform the game each time until there is only one participant remaining who will be adjudged the winner of the mannequin challenge.This game is extremely fun and will bring out the creative side out of your colleagues.Watch as you find yourself laughing uncontrollably when you catch one of your office mates in a strange pose while they get disqualified in hilarious ways.2. Commit to a âNoTech During Lunch-Breakâ Policy Since the turn of the 21st century, our minds have been occupied with all so rts of wacky gadgets that are stuffed in our pockets.In fact, itâs gotten to the point where we donât leave these shiny devices even when we enter the loo. While they are an important part of our lifestyle and supplement our careers in meaningful ways, itâs important to put a stop to this tech addiction.The best place to begin is during lunch at work.Adopt a strict moral code and promise yourself that youâll never use any device with a shiny screen during your breaks.We mean no music, no staring down to take a quick peek at the latest news or checking emails.Lunchtime will be a sacred space that you connect your soul with the food that you eat. If you feel like multi-tasking while you chew bits of nutrition down, bring a book along with you. Reading provides us with greater concentration skills.Here are some pointers to help you end your addictive date with your smart devices â"Switch off your phone and put it inside your deskâs drawer. Notifications tend to distract us, and we usually ferry our phones with us to our lunchroomRemember to practice discipline during lunch. Restrict yourself from playing games or even listening to music. Just listen to the chaos of your natural environmentKeep 5 minutes to phone management tasks post your lunch. With self-control on the usage of your smart devices, youâll learn to unwind and relax much easier throughout the day.Our brains are wired to answer any call upon seeing our phone screen light up. Ensure you keep your phone on silent mode even while working, this motivates you to have a silent lunch without distractionsRefraining ourselves from using technology helps us resist the addiction to our devices.Itâs often good to take note that these devices were made to assist us and not take over our lives.By following your rules, you can spread the positive message to a colleague or two and help them see the difference of a normal verbal conversation instead of a texted one.3. Learning a Foreign LanguageWait! An ENTIRE LANGUAGE course during lunch? Thatâsâ¦.justâ¦impossibleâ¦While these are your very thoughts upon reading the title, letâs elaborate further on how this feat is achievable.By learning a language, we donât mean youâll become a linguistic genius at French within a monthâs time or achieve native proficiency in Spanish in no time.According to the FSI, (The US Foreign Service Institute) it takes an individual roughly 480 hours of learning time to be affiliated with basic fluency of any of the Group 1 languages such as French, Portuguese, Romanian, Italian, Spanish, etc.Basic fluency of a language means being able to communicate with locals and gather any information that you may desire without the need of hiring a translator.Keeping this in mind, letâs look at the time required â" 480 hours. Letâs say youâve got 45 minutes to an hour every day for your lunch break.Youâll roughly need 2 years to reach basic fluency in the language that you desire by committing to it.And just how do you do it?Simply by listening to an audio podcast or by reading a beginnerâs language tutorial book.You could also carry a dictionary that translates words from English to your preferred foreign language.This way you can challenge yourself to learn 10 new words at lunch every day.Thatâs about 60 new words in a week and around 240 words a month summing to around 3000 words a year. The little numbers surely add up over time.Another cool way to learn the language is by listening to songs and practicing pronouncing the words as they sound.You can play foreign songs during your lunch break and note down certain words, eventually, challenge yourself to translate an entire song into English in a single week.These short challenges will give you clarity over the language.The next time you hear these words spoken, youâll have no problems identifying the language without outside help.This is especially useful if you travel a l ot during your holidays.Letâs say youâre traveling on a trip to Spain and would like to know basic words on how to communicate with the locals.Simply create a list of high-frequency words in English that youâll be using during your trip.For example â" Hello, Thanks, Where, Train, Flight, Pub, Lodging, Transport, Currency, Left, Right, Straight, Back etc.Now, during your lunch break, simply translate these words into their respective local words and youâll have a much easier time during your holiday trip to communicate with the locals and youâll feel smarter to have learned all of these during your boring lunch break. 4. Reading News or Articles About Your Job RoleBeing informed is a key trait if you want to be at your career best.Simple bits of information available on the internet reveal ample job opportunities and provide insight into improving your job role for your company.All this can be done while having your lunch, every single day.For example, by cl icking this article youâve just found yourself ways to spice up your boring lunch break, so youâll never have to simply munch food and have a staring contest with your phone all the time.By reading this, you were able to acquire information on how to distract yourself and learning a new thing or two.Similarly, by reading news related to your job field, youâll gain plenty of resources and tools which you werenât aware of to ease your daily tasks.Letâs say you are a digital marketing specialist.By learning the existence of an app such as Mail Chimp, youâve just learned a new way in reducing your workload when it comes to organizing your mailing list.Likewise, if you had learned about Idio, youâd have a much easier time interacting with your social media audience.For every new tool or news, you learn relating to your profession, you absorb knowledge and become much smarter.Youâll be at the forefront of updated trends and be the person in the office that everyon e turns to for advice.Being reliable gains you the attention of your superiors and youâll be a valuable worker for your company.This puts you in a position to gain advancements in your career and accept role responsibilities. Youâll also be bumped up the salary ranks.All these free perks just because you decided to change up your lunch habits and gain wisdom in learning something new for your profession.5. Creating a âTo-doâ ListNow, this might sound simple, but itâs surprising just how many people refuse to organize their lives and usually end up procrastinating their daily chores.Now imagine if there was a magic yellow pad that just reminded you of all the pending tasks that you wanted to get done.By the time you get home, youâre in no mood to sit down on your desk and create a high priority/low priority list, you just want some relaxing time for yourself and if only there was a way you could somehow squeeze this during your work hours.Thatâs when the lights st art to shine brightly in your head. Of course, the lunchtime!Your lunch break is a great way to spend time writing down all the tasks that youâve kept away. Here is all the stuff you can do with your notepad and pen.Create a priority-based list. High priority tasks go on top, low priority goes down.Create a bucket list of all the things you want to do before you dieCreate a travel list to ensure you donât forget to pack the all-important sunscreen or woolen gloves.Create a networking list. Ensure you find time to communicate with all your colleagues and important clients.Create a performance sheet. Find out why youâve been lagging behind other star performers by listing your personal flaws.Create a chore list. Remember to clean your home or work desk.Create a shopping list. For products that you absolutely need for your home.Thereâs just about a list for everything to go by and youâll have a fun time coming up with new lists to organize your daily life.Always ca tegorize your lists and donât just put them into one messy long list.Once youâve got all the lists, go ahead and break down each high priority task into milestones to achieve them easier.Remember to use short forms and get to the point when creating lists such as âReserve Movie ticketsâ or âBuy Milkâ.Donât unnecessarily elongate words. Lists need to be simple to read and easier for you to absorb the information instantly. 6. Schedule a Shopping Trip Donât mistake us when we say the term âShopping tripâ.A lunch break isnât an excuse to splurge your hard-earned money at the mall.What we do mean is you can ideally pick up your monthly groceries or have a relaxing time at the spa to rejuvenate those tired nerves and sore eyes.You could also have a fun time with a colleague munching a bite or two at the food court.By shopping during your lunch break, youâll skip the rush hour and enjoy a peaceful time shopping from the aisles.Youâll also get some fresh air when you leave the office and get some much-needed walking done.In fact, we suggest window shopping if youâre on a tight budget for the month.It doesnât cost a cent, but it surely excites you to know the new and upcoming trends that youâll be splurging your upcoming salary on.Going to a mall for lunch also breaks the monotonous routine of having your lunch at the same office cafeteria every day.Youâll feel refreshed just knowing that youâve taken a small little adventure during your office hours.7. Headout for a Stroll at a Nearby Park According to a team of researchers at the British Journal of Sports Medicine, a simple stroll through a park depletes built up mental fatigue of employees.The constant stress and the noise from your office usually cause us all to reach our breaking point.Hence, itâs a good idea to schedule having lunch at a park bench while admiring the whistling sounds of birds amidst nature.According to another study in 2016, the body ac tivates its restorative conditions when its away from urbanization.A walk on the beach, a stroll through the park, or a simple day out in the mountains is considered to activate your healing process.The study also says the healing powers are higher when there isnât any use of tech devices such as smartphones or tablets as these keep our mind connected to our workflow.Do your brain a favor and give it some much-needed rest during a lunch break, youâll notice that youâll reduce work-based anxiety levels and deal with mood disorders much better than your colleagues who spend their lunch break in the office.8. DIY ProjectsDo-it-yourself projects are a great way to get creative and introduce yourself with fun backyard projects.Weâve listed some DIY projects that you can complete in less than an hour or by the end of your lunch break.Not only will you be looking forward to your lunch break every day to create something new, but youâll also find an interactive hobby a nd impress your work colleagues into following you.So, without further ado, here are some projects to keep yourself busy with during lunch.Non-wax Candle MakingScented candles are aromatic and fill your home with various and subtle fragrances.Creating candles at work isnât hard and youâll easily create 2-3 candles every day at work.The different flavors include rosemary, citronella, peppermint, lavender, lemongrass, etc.Traditionally, candles are usually made with wax but since we want to make a faster non-wax version of scented candles, weâll introduce you to citrus candle making.First, we need a citrus fruit. Orange, Tangerine, or Sweet Lime will do.Cut the fruit in 2 equal halves at the centerGently remove the fruit pulp, leaving only the center portion intactYou can eat the pulp as part of your lunch break dietPour olive oil into the outer shell and the central portion of the fruitThe central root portion will serve as the wick of the candleOnce youâve placed the o live oil and layered the shell with itThe candle is ready to be lit and it will give out an aromatic citrus smellTo get a detailed pictorial guide on how to create it, click this link.Pencil VaseIf you love flowers, we will show you how to create a vase out of pencils. All you need are:About 20 pencilsA ribbonA piece of string coilA plastic holderAlign all the pencils around the outer portion of a round plastic holder.Using the string tie the pencils around the circumference of the plastic holder so you get a nice rounded shape with all the pencils sticking together.Now tie a bright piece of ribbon across the pencils and Voila! Your flower vase is complete.You can experiment with various designs and you can create this self-made pencil vase with less than $5-dollarsâ worth of items. For a detailed picture guide, you can refer to HomeTalk.Illuminating LED Plastic BottlesOne of the best ways to recycle plastic water bottles is by converting them into art pieces for your hom e. This DIY project can be done in less than 45 minutes and youâll be creating various designs once you get the gist of it.CRAZY DIY Science has a video here to demonstrate how easily you can create your own DIY lamps using nothing but a plain water bottle or plastic bottle, a few wires, a needle, and a headlamp.The Mastermind uses water bottles to create a vivid blinking effect that can be done during your lunch break with simple tools.Many of these lamp-based lights can also be sold on sites like Etsy, eBay, Amazon and other popular shopping sites for a profit.9. Volunteer and Brighten Someoneâs DayImagine bringing a smile to someoneâs face every day of your life without having to postpone your work. Your lunch break can be put to better use after youâve had your quick meal.Head out to a nearby community center in the vicinity and sign up for 30-minutes of volunteer service.This could mean distributing food to the homeless, teaching basic language skills to the h omeless, initiating them with the programs and their rights by holding a 30-minute speech, or also be a role model to a college student and provide them with much-needed tips.If there are no community centers in your vicinity, get a community group going in your office and get as many volunteers as you can.Simply removing the trash off the streets in your immediate vicinity will help keep the streets clean and you can also initiate an environment drive for people on the disadvantages of littering.You can begin to save the planet one street at a time just during your lunch break.Your efforts will surely strike a chord with your office superiors and they will recognize you for your sincere environmental efforts and will also pledge in keeping the planet green and plastic free.There are tons of ways for you to volunteer in just 30 minutes to make a difference for your city and the planet. 10. Karaoke with Your FriendsIf you consider yourself a singing genius, then grab a few colleagu es from work and head on over to a karaoke bar near you.Find out the timings of all the local bars hosting karaoke around your workplace and make sure to signup beforehand with the local DJ. This way youâll waste no time in having to wait for your turn.If you want to move it up one notch, you can start a music band with your office colleagues.All you need is to rent a studio space nearby and you can practice musical instruments with your office mates. If everything moves according to plan, consider auditioning your band with local music events after work.Your lunch hour can be the beginning of a new creative career for you.Many bars understand the requirements for professionals to unwind during a stressful afternoon and host various musical events such as karaoke and other talent shows.Check up your local events guide to understand just how you can be a part of them.11. Lunch RouletteA âLunch Rouletteâ is where you exchange your lunch boxes with a random colleague every day and this opens various conversational topics among your fellow coworkers.This is a great icebreaker when youâve just joined a new company and would like to get to know your fellow employees better.Simply introduce yourself and ask if they are willing to exchange their lunchbox with yours.At first, youâll be treated to surprised looks but soon people would be willing to try, youâll have a great time understanding your food habits and how similar or unique people are.This is especially useful to get shy coworkers to open themselves up and create a professional bond.The âLunch Rouletteâ is also a great way to try out different delicacies but pay special attention to individuals that are particular about the food they eat like people that eat only vegetarian food.Youâll need to be sensitive to their food choices and exchange only if they are willing to.12. Work Out a SweatHitting the gym during your lunch hour allows you to work up a sweat and disperse all the m ental fatigue. For this, enroll at a nearby gym and bring your workout clothes.Ensure, you have your meal post your workout to ensure your nutrition is better absorbed after physical activity.All gyms have showers, so youâll be back to the office looking fresh as daisies and your colleagues will be surprised at your youthful glow and slim physique.Here are some ideas on how to dispense 30 minutes of lunchtime in the gym.30 minutes of intense rowing30 minutes of stationary biking30 minutes on the treadmill30 minute of high-intensity interval training30 minutes of light weight training30 minutes of aerobic workout30 minutes of CrossFit trainingYou can also use a combination by splitting 2 exercises of the above into 15-minute intervals for a change.The advantage of hitting the gym during your lunchtime is that youâll have the entire day to yourself while saving time.BONUS: GET YOURSELF A POWER NAP TO RECHARGE YOURSELF Power Napping is a term used where we s leep for a short period of time just enough to gain instant revitalization. Power napping allows us to recover our energy to get rid of fatigue temporarily.The benefits of a power nap include â"Increases our overall alertness and productivityImproves memory and wakefulnessPrevents mental fatigue from building upBoosts overall testosteroneElevates our overall moodGetting a power nap during our lunch break is a great way to double your overall energy in just 30 minutes.To nap successfully, keep your alarm at a count of 20-to-25 minutes from the time you close your eyes.This ensures you donât enter deep sleep and wake up feeling groggy which is also known as âSleep Inertiaâ.A power nap is often a great way to catch a nap when we havenât had a quality sleep the night before.Research has shown that people that gain upwards of 6 minutes to 30 minutes of power nap perform functions better than someone who is suffering from fatigue.The study shows that the brain of a power napper has increased activity when compared to that of a tired person.Hence, sometimes the best thing to do during your lunch break is to bring your eye masks and get in some quality shut-eye to ensure you donât feel tired the rest of the day.Hereâs a video of Dr. Oz explaining the benefits of a power nap and the right way to do it. FINAL THOUGHTS ON LUNCH TIME CREATIVITYWhile many people prefer to open their lunch boxes and browse through their favorite Netflix shows, youâll have creative things planned during a simple 30-to-40-minute lunch break.Being extra creative with your lunch breaks allows you to get more stuff done than just having your meal.At the end of the day, youâll need to take the first step in trying out the many methods listed here before you find out what works best for you. Oralia Frizzellhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10190631328941057613noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3340292122285974384.post-32219136571320602042020-05-24T14:27:00.001-07:002020-05-24T14:27:04.900-07:00Politics and the Political System of the Ancient Maya The Mayan civilization flourished in the rainforests of southern Mexico, Guatemala, and Belize, reaching its apex around A.D. 700ââ¬â900 before falling into a swift and somewhat mysterious decline. The Maya were expert astronomers and traders: they were also literate with a complicated language and their own books. Like other civilizations, the Maya had rulers and a ruling class, and their political structure was complex. Their kings were powerful and claimed to be descended from the gods and the planets. The Mayan City-States The Mayan civilization was large, powerful, and culturally complex: it is often compared to the Incas of Peru and the Aztecs of Central Mexico. Unlike these other empires, however, the Maya never unified. Instead of a mighty empire ruled from one city by one set of rulers, the Maya instead had a series of city-states that only ruled the surrounding area, or some nearby vassal states if they were powerful enough. Tikal, one of the most powerful Mayan city-states, never ruled much farther than its immediate borders, although it did have vassal cities such as Dos Pilas and Copà ¡n. Each of these city-states had its own ruler. Development of Mayan Politics and Kingship The Mayan culture began around 1800 B.C. in the lowlands of the Yucatan and southern Mexico. For centuries, their culture slowly advanced, but as of yet, they had no concept of kings or royal families. It wasnt until the middle to late preclassic periods (300 B.C. or so) that evidence of kings began to appear at certain Mayan sites. The founding king of Tikals first royal dynasty, Yax Ehb Xook, lived sometime in the Preclassic period. By A.D. 300, kings were common, and the Maya began building stelae to honor them: large, stylized stone statues that describe the king, or Ahau, and his accomplishments. The Mayan Kings The Mayan kings claimed descent from the gods and planets, laying claim to a quasi-divine status, somewhere between humans and gods. As such, they lived between two worlds, and wielding ââ¬Å"divineâ⬠power was part of their duties. The kings and royal family had important roles at public ceremonies, such as the ball games. They channeled their connection to the gods through sacrifices (of their own blood, of captives, etc.), dance, spiritual trances, and hallucinogenic enemas. Succession was usually patrilineal, but not always. Occasionally, queens ruled when no suitable male of the royal line was available or of age. All kings had numbers that placed them in order from the founder of the dynasty. Unfortunately, this number is not always recorded in the kingââ¬â¢s glyphs on stone carvings, resulting on unclear histories of dynastic succession. Life of a Mayan King A Mayan king was groomed from birth to rule. A prince had to pass through many different initiations and rites. As a young man, he had his first bloodletting at the age of five or six. As a young man, he was expected to fight and lead battles and skirmishes against rival tribes. Capturing prisoners, particularly high-ranking ones, was important. When the prince finally became king, the elaborate ceremony included sitting on a jaguar pelt in an elaborate headdress of colorful feathers and seashells, holding a scepter. As king, he was supreme head of the military and was expected to fight and participate in any armed conflicts entered into by his city-state. He also had to participate in many religious rituals, as he was a conduit between humans and the gods. Kings were allowed to take multiple wives. Mayan Palaces Palaces are found at all of the major Mayan sites. These buildings were located in the heart of the city, near the pyramids and temples so important to Maya life. In some cases, the palaces were very large, multistoried structures, which may indicate that a complicated bureaucracy was in place to rule the kingdom. The palaces were homes to the king and the royal family. Many of the kingââ¬â¢s tasks and duties were carried out not in the temples but in the palace itself. These events might have included feasts, celebrations, diplomatic occasions, and receiving tribute from vassal states. Classic-Era Mayan Political Structure By the time the Maya reached their Classic Era, they had a well-developed political system. Renowned archaeologist Joyce Marcus believes that by the Late Classic era, the Maya had a four-tiered political hierarchy. At the top were the king and his administration in major cities like Tikal, Palenque, or Calakmul. These kings would be immortalized on stelae, their great deeds recorded forever. Following the main city were a small group of vassal city-states, with lesser nobility or a relative of the Ahau in charge: these rulers did not merit stelae. After that were affiliated villages, large enough to have rudimentary religious buildings and ruled by minor nobility. The fourth tier consisted of hamlets, which were all or mostly residential and devoted to agriculture. Contact with Other City-States Although the Maya were never a unified empire like the Incas or Aztecs, the city-states nevertheless had much contact. This contact facilitated cultural exchange, making the Maya much more unified culturally than politically. Trade was common. The Maya traded in prestige items like obsidian, gold, feathers, and jade. They also traded in food items, particularly in later eras as the major cities grew too large to support their population. Warfare was also common: skirmishes to take slaves and victims for sacrifice were common, and all-out wars not unheard of. Tikal was defeated by rival Calakmul in 562, causing a century-long hiatus in its power before it reached its former glory once again. The powerful city of Teotihuacan, just north of present-day Mexico City, wielded great influence on the Mayan world and even replaced the ruling family of Tikal in favor of one more friendly to their city. Politics and the Decline of the Maya The Classic Era was the height of the Mayan civilization culturally, politically, and militarily. Between A.D. 700 and 900, however, the Maya civilization began a swift and irreversible decline. The reasons the Mayan society fell are still a mystery, but theories abound. As the Maya civilization grew, warfare between city-states grew as well: entire cities were attacked, defeated, and destroyed. The ruling class grew as well, placing a strain on the working classes, which may have resulted in civil strife. Food became a problem for some Maya cities as the population grew. When trade could no longer make up the differences, hungry citizens may have revolted or fled. The Mayan rulers might have avoided some of these calamities. Source McKillop, Heather. The Ancient Maya: New Perspectives. Reprint edition, W. W. Norton Company, July 17, 2006. Oralia Frizzellhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10190631328941057613noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3340292122285974384.post-90812917725112073312020-05-13T20:34:00.001-07:002020-05-13T20:34:03.032-07:00Childhood Depression And Its Effects On Women - 845 Words Depression is more prevalent, and suicides are more common for women across the world (Koshy, 2016); India, is no exception. Lifetime depression is estimated at 5-12% for men, but significantly higher for women at 10-25% (Bohra, Srivastava, Bhatia, 2015). Women are not only more prone to depression and suicide because of hormonal changes, but also social stigma and pressures, as well as events that are exclusive to women (Bose, 2015). Events such as childbirth and expectations in marriage provide many possible opportunities to develop depression. With marriage, comes domestic violence, a common precursor to depression. According to the Indian Journal of Psychiatry (Bohra, Srivastava, Bhatia, 2015), domestic violence affects a fourth to half of women in India during a point in their lifetime. In addition, most women who develop depression usually develop symptoms around childbearing age. Divorced or widowed women, however, have higher rates of depression than married women. Unfortun ately, although the majority of cases of depression are treatable, there are limited resources within the country. Finding treatment for mental illness is difficult in India. According to Huffington Post, ââ¬Å"Nearly half of those with severe mental disease aren t treated and of those with less severe versions, nearly 9 in 10 go uncared forâ⬠(Koshy, 2016). The government of India recorded that 1 in 5 people in the country need some form of psychological or psychiatric counseling, yet it isShow MoreRelatedLong Term Effects of Childhood Separation Anxiety1230 Words à |à 5 Pagesï » ¿Long-Term Effects of Childhood Separation Anxiety Abstract This report delves into the connection between childhood separation anxiety disorder and the long-term implications that it may have. To understand the connections I preformed secondary research through ââ¬Å"Academic Search Completeâ⬠. I found that childhood separation anxiety disorder is connected with serious mental disorders, such as anorexia, bulimia, social phobias, depression, and behavior disorders. Many studies have shown that childhoodRead MoreEssay about A Study Of Depression And Relationships1172 Words à |à 5 Pages A Study of Depression and Relationships A primary concern for Psychology research is depression. 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InRead MoreNegative Impact Of Postpartum Depression1413 Words à |à 6 Pagesof Postpartum Depression on Child Abuse Introduction: This psychological and behavioral study will analyze the impact of postpartum depression on women and the problem of child abuse related to this condition. Case studies find the circumstances of postpartum depression in women is directly related to the issue of previous child abuse and PTSD that have a negative impact on the newborn child. These factors define a significant correlation with postpartum depression in 1 out 9 women and later problems Oralia Frizzellhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10190631328941057613noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3340292122285974384.post-44501388499211157552020-05-06T14:16:00.001-07:002020-05-06T14:16:17.172-07:00Symbolism of the Island Free Essays The Island Major Joe Ridge View High School English 1 Mrs. Walker December 17, 2012 There are many different symbols in the book Lord of the Flies. Some of the symbols represent peace and some represent war. We will write a custom essay sample on Symbolism of the Island or any similar topic only for you Order Now Some of the characters themselves represent different symbols. The item of symbolism that stood out the most was the island itself. The island itself is an excellent item of symbolism because it uses the boys themselves to convey what it stands for thus almost making itself seem alive. The island represents peace, atavism, the struggle to hang on to civilization, life, and the struggle to hang on to humanity. The island itself stands for peace. It shows this through Simon. The special place in the jungle where Simon went shows the peaceful part of the island. There is not much of it but it is there hidden by all of the confusion other factors at work. ââ¬Å"He came to a last place where more sunshine fell. Since they had not so far to go for light the creepers had woven a great mat that hung at the side of an open space in the jungle; for here a patch of rock came close to the surface and would not allow more than little plants and ferns to grow. The whole space was walled with dark aromatic bushes, and was a bowl of heat and light. A great Tree, fallen across one corner, leaned against the trees that still stood and rapid climber flaunted red and yellow sprays right to the topâ⬠(Golding 56). Simon found that place peaceful and beautiful. He goes there in the middle of the night just to escape the atavistic character of the island itself which is portrayed through the forest and Jack. The island also shows atavism through the forest and through Jack. Throughout the story the boys continued referring back to creepers ââ¬Å"I canââ¬â¢t hardly move with all these creeper thingsâ⬠(Golding 7). Creepers are like vines that climb up tree trunks and grow across open patches of ground. They cover up the trees and ground and make it hard for the tree or the ground to get sunlight or water. The vines take the water from the trees so that they can survive in the conditions of the island. Jack and his hunters do similarly the same thing with the pigs. The boys engulf the pig with their presence and beat it to death making it nearly impossible for them to escape the rancorous attacks and also making it nearly impossible for the pigs to breed and fill the island with wildlife and swine. The island also portrays life. For this it uses the open space that Simon found and the fire. When Simon found his special part of the island, he noticed that the creepers did not grow there allowing the fruit trees and the flowers to grow there abundantly. The fire also symbolizes the life of not only the island but the life of the boysââ¬â¢ morale and hope of going home again. ââ¬Å"The fire was dead. They saw the straightaway; saw what they had really known down on the beach when the smoke of home had beckoned. The fire was out, smokeless and dead; the watchers were gone. A pile of unused fuel lay ready,â⬠(Golding 67-68). The boys saw a ship passing by in the distance when they found out that the fire was dead. At that moment Ralph called an assembly. Jack and his hunters came from the forest with a pig. Ralph told Jack about the fire and the ship but the only thing the Jack was concentrated on was how he and his hunters managed to capture the pig. The Island also represents the struggle to hang on to civilization. The Island shows this through the scar that the plane left when it crashed. The entire island is in order with creepers and trees making an attempt to grow everywhere. The beach is sandy and the lagoon is not too far from the beach everything on the island was neat and in order. The plane crashed it left a scar that left a path of burned creepers fallen trees and overturned dirt and debris. The rocks on the island also had a role in breaking the rope of civilization. When Piggyââ¬â¢s glasses broke they fell on a rock after Jack smacked them off of Piggyââ¬â¢s face. ââ¬Å"Ralph made a step forward and Jack smacked Piggyââ¬â¢s head. Piggyââ¬â¢s glasses flew off and tinkled on the rocks. Piggy cried out in terror: ââ¬ËMy specs! ââ¬â¢Ã¢â¬ ¦ ââ¬ËOne sideââ¬â¢s brokenâ⬠(Golding 71). At that moment in the book the normal worldââ¬â¢s idea of civilization went out of the window and Jackââ¬â¢s idea took over. Ralph and piggy both wanted to keep the island as civilized as possible. Piggy gave ralph the idea to blow the conch and try to call all the boys to one central location. While resting on the mountain he realized the conditions of himself and the other boys on the island: With the memory of his sometime clean self as a standard, Ralph looked them over. They were dirty, not with the spectacular dirt of boys who have fallen into mud or been brought down hard on a rainy day. Not one of them was an obvious subject for a shower, and yetââ¬âhair much too long, tangled here and there, knotted round a dead leaf or a twig; faces cleaned fairly well by the process of eating and sweating but marked in the less accessible angles with a kind of shadow; clothes, worn away, stiff like his own with sweat, put on, not for decorum or comfort but out of custom; the skin of the body, scurfy with brineââ¬â He discovered with a little fall of heart that these were to conditions he took as normal now and that he did not mind, (Golding 110). This realization from Ralph shows that he misses the rest of the world and that being shut off from the rest of the world gave him and even stronger need to try to restore civilization on the island. The island also symbolizes the struggle to hang on to the humanity of the island. Before the boys came to island the pigs had no real enemy that was known. The boys were the same way. When the boys were luckily landed on the island the pigââ¬â¢s predator became Jack and his hunters. It was easy for Jack to find his first pig but not as easy for him to kill it. The second time he carried out his task. As the story continues Jack has to go through different procedures and tricks in order to find a pig. He painted his face, he crawled around on the ground following a pig slide and pig droppings. He ends up killing pigs almost every day for the group. The pigs adapt to Jackââ¬â¢s ways and try to avoid him. When Jack killed the mother sow, the amount of humanity left on the island was in question. ââ¬Å"Rodger found a lodgment for his point and began to push till he was leaning with his whole weight. The spear moved forward inch by inchâ⬠¦ ââ¬ËRight up her ass! ââ¬â¢Ã¢â¬ (Golding 135). The island was the most important symbol in the book. Without the island and the natural features of it then one may not think that the island could stand for anything other than an uninhabited graveyard for an assortment of young boys. In order to really see the significance of the island one needs to look closely at the events that happen and where they happen in the book. The island talked to the reader through the characters of the story. Each character represented a different trait of the island. Jack was the fear of the island, Piggy was the gentle side, Ralph was the firm part of the island, and Simon was the peace on the island. There are many other situations like this in many other stories, one just has to pay attention and open their eyes. References Golding, W. (1954). Lord of the Flies. Salisbury, England: Faber and Faber. How to cite Symbolism of the Island, Papers Oralia Frizzellhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10190631328941057613noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3340292122285974384.post-43445812063265542502020-05-05T15:03:00.001-07:002020-05-05T15:03:02.641-07:00Is sociology value free Essay Example For Students Is sociology value free Essay Value neutrality is a term used by Weber to indicate the necessary objectivity researchers need when investigating problems in the social sciences. Weber also cautioned against the making of value judgements which coincide with the orientation or motives of the researcher. It is important to note that although Weber believed that value neutrality was the aim of research, his view was that no science is fundamentally neutral and its observational language is never independent of the way individuals see phenomena and the questions they ask about them (Morrison 1995 pp.267, 347) It is this link between the researchers theoretical stand and the methods adopted that raises the question as to whether sociology can be value free. What are the arguments for and against the possibility of value free sociology? Is the answer to be found in the design of research methods? Or is all knowledge a cultural product in that what a society defines as knowledge reflects the values of that society, therefore making value free science the aim but not the achievable goal of sociology? Indeed, is the concept of value free sociology of value itself raising the notion of there being merit in a value plus sociology? This concept of value free sociology has its roots in the ris e of positivism and the scientific method in the mid nineteenth century. Positivists believed that discovering laws of social development would create a better society. A key figure in the establishing of sociology as a respectable science was Comte (1798-1857). Comte looked at human progress and decided that there are three stages to the evolutionary growth of knowledge; Each of our leading conceptions, each branch of our knowledge, passes successively through three different theoretical conditions: the Theological or fictitious: the Metaphysical or abstract: and the Scientific or positive In the final, the positive state the mindapplies itself to the study of their laws that is, their invariable relations of succession and resemblance. (Comte 1830 The Philosophy of Sociology in Thompson 1995 p. 39-40) Comte argued that the human mind develops through these three distinct phases that were inevitable and, therefore, a fact of historical development. From the final stage, the positive in which causes are explained by scientific laws, came the movement known as positivist. Positivism came to be associated with progress and social reform. All disciplines had a historical imperative to develop away from the speculative to the positive stage, thus marking their scientific statue. (Morrison 1995 pp.24-25) In two key areas positivism differed from idealism: first it put great emphasis on the reliability of observation as the basis for theory, and secondly emphasis was laid on the search for factual regularities. Comte argued that this would lead to the formation of general laws. Observation became the central criterion of verification, verification to the formulation of laws, and these laws to the subject of repeated test in order to establish their legitimacy (Morrison 1995 pp.24-25) Observation requires an observer. And it is here, at the heart of the positivist method, where human observes human, that the issue of value neutrality comes to the fore. The positivist tradition concentrates on producing objective data, most often in the form of statistics. This quantative data is then subjected to analysis and causal correlations are established. An example would be Blauner (Alienation and Freedoms 1964 in McNeill 1990) It was hypothesized that different levels of alienation are causally linked with different types of industrial processes. After operationalising the concept of alienation, its presence was measured in different industrial contexts. The main priority was that there be no suspicion that the collected data had been affected by the researchers own values. It should be possible for other researchers to use the same methods and arrive at similar conclusions (McNeil1 1990 p.117-8) Developments in positivism in the twentieth century led to the belief that facts could and should be separated from values. The job of the scientist was only to identify scientific laws (McNeil1 1990 p.129) However, Weber, in his Methodology of The Social Sciences, points out that all knowledge of cultural reality. ..is always from particular points of view. Weber also asserted that there can be no such thing as an absolutely objective scientific analysis of culture or. ..of social phenomena independent of special and one-sided viewpoints according to which.. .they are selected, analysed and organised for expository purposes (Weber 1949 pp.S1.W2) What Weber is saying is that facts cannot speak for themselves. Social facts do not exist in their own right; what counts as a social fact is greatly determined by the moral spectacles through which we view the world ( Parkin 1986 pp. 30-31) If pure social reality, perceived by emptying the mind of all presupposition, is deemed incredible, how can sociology attain to value neutrality if its methods are biased by the observers own preconception and values? The balance advocated by Weber proves to be rather limited. Although a teacher could proclaim the results of an investigation that same teacher should refrain from using this as an opportunity to disseminate his own views. Weber was of the opinion that sociologists could distinguish between empirical knowledge and value judgements (Weber in Parkin 1986 pp. Eyes Of The Dragon Essay Gouldner concluded his questions with this analysis, I fear that there are many sociologists today who, in conceiving social science to be value-free, mean widely different things, that many hold these beliefs dogmatically without having examined seriously the grounds upon which they are credible. Webers own views on the relation between values and the social sciences, and some current today are scarcely identical. If Weber insisted on the need to maintain scientific objectivity, he also warned that this was altogether different from moral indifference (Gouldner 1973 p.6) Sociologists are themselves implicated by the events in society upon which they study. Total freedom from values would therefore be impossible without the total removal of the sociologist from society itself. After the conservatism of the post-war boom years and the decline of functionalism, sociology became increasingly fragmented. Society changes quickly and sociology can often be seen as self-reflexive and the methods of understanding it need to change to keep up. Fragmented approaches to society include feminism, neo-Marxism, structuralism and postmodemism. Sociology can no longer be called a fixed discipline with these values and concepts feeding into it. Mills, in his The Sociological Imagination, critiqued functionalist and power elites. One of his conclusions has the paradox of sociology since the 1960s to be critical and thought provoking or to be quietly empirical and merely provide value-free information on what is happening in society. Of late the conception of social science I hold has not been ascendant. My conception stands opposed to social science as a set of bureaucratic techniques which inhibit inquiry by methodological pretensions, which congest such work by obscurantist conceptions (Mi1ls 1970 p. 27) Mills asks sociologists to question their methods and, importantly, why they are using those methods, what results are they aiming for? If it is to stay in favour with the powers that be, then that type of sociology can not be free from values no matter the assertions of the sociologists involved. Finally a brief look at sources and their degrees of value involvement. Primary sources, that is information produced through research, interviews observation and participant observation are some examples. Questionnaires are a common method employed to amass data. The drawbacks include the need to be very specific about the types of questions asked. People are self-conscious and interactive making asking any questions problematic. People have prejudices and can misinterpret the questions. People also tend to say what they think the interviewer wants them to say. This is an example of the Hawthorn effect. Interviews also are affected by this phenomena, and again the questions need to be very carefully structured so that the same questions can be asked of many groups of people and balanced quantifiable data extracted. These questions need to allow for interviewer bias. Participant observation requires that the researcher live among the group under study. The problem with this approach is that the researcher tends to identify with the group failing to remain sufficiently distanced. This results in the researcher taking on board the groups values and thus colouring the research. Secondary sources must be used with care. It is important to be aware of where the information comes from and to remember that some sources are more valid than others (Osborne 1996 pp. 131-7). In conclusion any sociology claiming to be entirely value free must be treated as suspect. The approach recommended by Weber is that the researcher needs to be honest about personal values and beliefs and recognise that these will come into play during the selection of the study topic, but to ensure that the methods are applied with neutrality. It is also recognised that modern sociology has become fragmented into many interest areas. This is a recognition that there is no single reality common to all that can be discovered. But if it is recognised that that the topic for research study is value relevant and that the methods applied are free from personal bias, then it can be said that this sociology is value free. This is not a total value freeness but it is relatively value free given that all the value relevant factors are accounted for. This must be balanced by the argument that sociological research is inevitably directed by values which are cultural products. Therefore the knowledge obtained is also a cultural product. So what a society defines as knowledge is a reflection of that societies values, just as another society and culture will accord other things as knowledge. Finally there is the moral issue raised by Mills, among others, of what uses the sociologists research results are put to. These are value-issues that must be considered and dealt with just as vigorously as the value issues pertaining to the generation of sociological knowledge. Bibliography:BIBLIOGRAPHY: Gouldner, A.W. (1973) For Sociology: Renewal and Critique,in Sociology Today Penguin Harmondsworth. McNeill(1990) Research Methods, Routledge London. Mills, C.W. (1970) The-sociological Imagination, Penguin Harmondsworth. Morrison, K. (1995) Marx, Durkheim, Weber, Sage London. Parkin, F. (1986) Max Weber, Routledge London. Thompson, K. (1995) Key Quotations in Sociology, Routledge London. Weber, M. (1949) The Methodology of the Social Sciences, Free Press New York. 2,549 words Oralia Frizzellhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10190631328941057613noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3340292122285974384.post-79972879543735450602020-04-02T03:22:00.001-07:002020-04-02T03:22:02.639-07:00Beetle Research Paper free essay sample Some studies and experiments have shown that population growth can be followed with the flour beetle (Tribolium confusum). Studying these beetles for over a month in varying habitats showed there was a dramatic increase in the populations with larger quantities of food, and a much slower growth rate with more space and the space amount of food. The experiment that I conducted provides a direct correlation between the roles of space and food in a controlled study of these differing populations. Thomas Malthus, in the year 1798, found that varying populations of both plants and animals are geometrically progressive. Populations increase exponentially, while food supplies increase at approximately the same rate. Because of the progression, any animal or plant could spread over most livable places; however, populations of species remain at a constant level because of death and therefore do not grow indefinitely. Also, there is something in place that restricts population growth (Malthus 1798). We will write a custom essay sample on Beetle Research Paper or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page To test Malthusââ¬â¢s statement the Tribolium confusum, or confused flour beetle can be used for certain hypothesis and predictions that test limiting factors, such as food and space. The Tribolium confusum are functional specimens for a study of these limiting factors because of the growth rate. The growth period of these particular beetles are relatively fast. After approximately 5-12 days of fertilization, the egg hatches into larvae. The larvae last 22-100 days and the pupae last around 8 days (Brereton 1962). These beetles are easy to examine, because they can thrive off of flour with very little moisture, and vermiculite can be used to create space. The life span of the Tribolium confusum tends to last around 200 days; our experiment takes place within that time limit. Hypothesis: Hypothesis 1: The amount of food is a limiting resource for the population of the Tribolium confusum. Hypothesis 2: The amount of space is a limiting resource for the population of the Tribolium confusum. Predictions: Prediction 1: I predicted that the more food that Tribolium confusum had the more the population will grow. I predicted that the more space Tribolium confusum had the more the population would grow. Methods and Materials: To test whether food or space are limiting factors on population growth, our lab group created different artificial habitats for Tribolium Confusum thrive. For the experiment 6 different treatments where created. In this experiment we used 6 different half pint, large opening mason jars. All of these jars were the same size, and contained different amounts of food (corn flour) and livable space (vermiculite + flour). A measurable amount of corn flour and/or vermiculite were added to each jar. Oralia Frizzellhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10190631328941057613noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3340292122285974384.post-67586480386260138692020-03-08T01:45:00.001-08:002020-03-08T01:45:03.590-08:00Brand Marketing and Communication Challenges for MercedesBrand Marketing and Communication Challenges for Mercedes Branding, marketing and communications are critical aspects of any business. These elements carry the message that a company hopes to send to its potential and existing clients. These three aspects of business are vital for successful relationships with clients.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Brand Marketing and Communication Challenges for Mercedes-Benz specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The purpose of this paper is to examine the fundamentals of branding, marketing and communications in an effort to identify the challenges businesses face in their implementation. Based on this examination, the paper will investigate how Mercedes-Benz handles the associated challenges, and the lessons that other businesses can learn from Mercedes-Benz. Fundamentals of Branding Branding refers to the effort an organization puts towards differentiating itself and its products from its competitors. On the other hand, a brand is a specif ic product, organization, or item. Any misconception about these two concepts can lead to strategic blunders. Building a brand is not necessarily the same as branding, but it involves branding. Effective branding requires the use of several elements. These elements include a logo, sounds, colors, and a slogan of a brand. Branding is about using these elements, alongside others to create a unique set of attributes for a product. Collectively, the brand elements can help a product to achieve brand personality. One of the important issues to consider during the branding process is developing the brand definition. A brand definition is a succinct expression of what constitutes the brand. It is important to develop a brand definition early in the branding process because it helps the team dealing with the process to choose the elements they need to emphasize. The final concept for consideration in the branding process is brand focus. Many branding efforts fail because of lack of focus. B rands with a high level of focus tend to have greater success in the market. Whenever organizations use a single brand to represent a wide range of products, the brand fails to form a lasting impression in the minds of consumers. In other words, it lacks focus. The challenges associated with branding vary from business to business. In the context of the analysis presented above, these challenges fall into four categories. The first category of challenges relates to the challenge of distinguishing between brands and branding. Essentially, all products are brands.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More However, not all products have undergone branding. In the first case, firms spend money on RD and come up with a product that meets perceived consumer needs. All efforts that go into product development build the brand. However, branding requires the firm to take this message to the consumer. The second challenge arises from the choice of brand elements needed to communicate the features of the brand. The choice of colors, logos, taglines, and sounds associated with a brand can mean the difference between successful branding and poor branding. Many firms fail to find ways of developing brand elements that stand out because of the failure to appreciate their impact on branding. The third challenge that firms face when carrying our branding exercises is failure to define their brand. The basis for this failure is the inability or unwillingness to choose the most important aspects of the brand. Products can meet several needs, and the creators usually want consumers to understand all these capabilities. However, communicating all the features of the brand at once results in blurry communication. The final challenge that firms face when carrying out branding exercises is lack of focus. Many firms believe that developing new brands from scratch is expensive. Therefore, they create new product lines under established brands. However, splitting the focus of a brand can lead to erosion of the value of the brand. Mercedes-Benz handles its branding effectively. Anyone who hears of the name Mercedes-Benz thinks about a stylish high-end car that will cause heads to turn. The branding success of Mercedes-Benz can help other firms make branding decisions. Mercedes-Benz is a respected brand because of its long history. The company has a very strong brand reputation based on superior performance, and stylish designs. The choice of brand elements for the Mercedes-Benz reflects the clarity of thinking in the branding process. The company decided to use the three-pointed star as its logo early in the twentieth century, and still uses it to date. In addition, the companyââ¬â¢s tagline, ââ¬Å"the best, or nothingâ⬠clearly shows it is intentionally positioning itself as a top-of-the-range product. From the onset, the makers of the Mercedes-Be nz were keen to have a clear definition of their product. Mercedes-Benz did not start as a low-end model. From inception, its makers were targeting the high-end market even when the motor industry was nascent. This means that the brand definition for the Mercedes-Benz automobiles has not changed since its inception.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Brand Marketing and Communication Challenges for Mercedes-Benz specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Fundamentals of Communication Communication in business is a sensitive component of service delivery. With the advent of the internet, the number of communication channels has increased. In addition, the traditional channels have also become more efficient at delivering large quantities of information. For instance, television channels nowadays have news anchors reading the news as ribbons run at the bottom of the same screen. In many instances, the item the anchor reads is usua lly not the same as the items on the ribbons. The amount of noise in communication channels is also on the increase. TV commercials are too many. Advertisements on billboards compete with those in newspapers and magazines, as well as those on branded accessories. The bombardment of commercial messages is so high that people have adapted by filtering adverts out of their minds. The internet on the other hand has created new communication channels within the last two decades. Social media is the most popular form of communication today. Email is still used by many businesses to communicate with clients, and for marketing. In addition, the internet has made it possible for people to communicate using Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP) through services such as Skype. Instant communication is also available via both text and video chat. All these options are available to small and large firms. The challenges that many firms are facing include getting through to potential customers, publ ic relations (PR), and choosing an effective mix of communication channels. The challenge of getting through to potential clients arises from information overload. The ease of communication facilitated by technology is overwhelming people with information. An analysis of the information sources that people deal with on any day shows that a typical consumer must distinguish from thousands of messages on a daily basis. Consumers have developed defense mechanisms that enable them to switch off messages that do not stand out. The impact of this on advertising is that if a communication medium fails to capture the attention of customers, it is a total waste. The second challenge that firms face is PR management. PR is an important component of business communication. The increasing influence of social media platforms and the increasing ease of online publishing have complicated the work of PR managers. A firmââ¬â¢s reputation may suffer irreparable damage if it fails to monitor the is sues clients raise in the social media. This is even more challenging for small firms because they cannot afford to retain full time PR professionals to monitor their online reputation. Bigger firms either hire the services from PR firms or employ people to manage their social media activities.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The third challenge associated with communication that many firms must deal with is determining an effective mix of communication channels. There is a multiplicity of channels, and the level of effectiveness of each channel varies. The lessons that other firms can learn from Mercedes-Benz when it comes to communication include the following. First, Mercedes-Benz advertises its vehicles in niche markets. This reduces the wastage associated with untargeted advertisements. The company advertises its cars through its website, in car magazines, and on high-end television channels. The communication channels chosen by Mercedes-Benz are based on the brand positioning of the vehicles. Secondly, the company manages its PR activities internally because it can afford to hire PR professionals. The lesson here is that even if a firm cannot hire PR professionals, it can outsource online monitoring to PR firms. Thirdly, Mercedes-Benz uses an optimized list of communication channels. Mercedes-Benz has a strong social media presence, with YouTube channels, Facebook pages, and Twitter accounts. In addition, Mercedes-Benz publishes information in conventional media such as car magazines, business magazines, and television. The lesson here is that every firm must strive to find the best mix of communication channels in order to communicate effectively with all its clients. Fundamentals of Marketing Marketing is making the consumer aware of the presence of a product, with the aim of making a sale. Making sales is not the immediate concern of a marketing effort. However, the marketing cycle ends with the successful conversion of prospective customers, to paying customers. Marketing approaches vary depending on the products on offer. The two main choices in terms of overall strategy are whether a company should use mass marketing or niche marketing strategies. Mass marketing usually applies to fast moving consumer goods. Niche marketing on the other hand concentrates on specific mar ket segments. The role of marketing is to inform consumers about the availability of products that can meet a need in their lives. This is the informational attribute of marketing. However, marketing also aims at turning uninformed consumers into potential customers. The work of a marketer is to ensure that when the consumer needs the product, he will turn to the brand that the marketer introduced. The development of marketing strategies usually depends on the four Ps. The four Ps are product, price, placement, and promotion. The Product is the brand sold to consumers. Price is the cost a consumer will pay to acquire the product. Setting a price is a process that involves an evaluation of the value customers attach to the product, against the cost that it takes to produce the product. Pricing is an experimental process aimed at making the most, without scaring off customers. Placement is the location customers find a product. Mass marketing usually goes hand in hand with mass availa bility of a product. Niche marketing on the other hand goes hand in hand with niche placement. Promotion refers to the element of marketing that encourages consumers to make a purchase. Marketing is very challenging because of the limited data available to marketing professionals at the beginning of marketing campaigns, especially when introducing new products. The projections developed by marketers depend on past trends. Fundamental shifts in the market can erode the value of reasonable projections. Many firms also face challenges associated with how to position their products. At time is it unclear which strategy will yield the best results. If a firm is capable of reducing manufacturing costs to a minimum, then it can survive as a low cost producer with a mass-market orientation. This position has risks associated with competition because competitors can copy the business model. On the other hand developing a product that consumers will be willing to pay a premium requires more r esources for RD, and very strong branding. Firms that try to get into premium markets without a strong financial base run the risk of making huge losses. Many firms also struggle when it comes to placing their products. Product distribution is very challenging especially for startups. It is expensive to set up distribution points and it is very difficult to get shelf space in existing retail avenues without a product that has a proven record of accomplishment. The challenge of promotion relates to making the appropriate choices in regards to promotion tactics. Often, a good strategy needs time and money to develop. The lessons that firms can learn from Mercedes-Benz are as follows. First, focusing on developing a strong brand can be costly in the short term but is a very good strategy for generating long-term growth. Secondly, marketing needs to be aligned with the overall strategy of the business. Mercedes-Benz vehicles have always been developed for the high-end market and the mar keting strategies used reflect this choice. Priority Areas for Action In the context of the above discussions and the lessons derived from the business practices of Mercedes-Benz, the following are the priority areas that all firms need to prioritize. On branding, any firm that does not have a branding strategy needs to think about it. In this regard, there is need to define the attributes of the brand. This requires making a deliberate choice when picking the brand element such as logos and taglines to ensure that they reflect the central message the company want to send to consumers. On communication, the challenges that firms must deal with have increased in tandem with the growth of the IT sector. The first communication priority area for firms is defining the central message of the brand. Secondly, firms must choose the right mix of communication channels to handle communication. PR management is also a priority area because of the high impact of bad press on a company. In the area of marketing, the priority areas are as follows. First, every firm must define its marketing target, and the best pricing. Novel items work well in the high-end market, while daily use items work well in the mass-market, where price may be a key factor for consumers. The second area of interest for firms in marketing should be the application of the four Ps of marketing. These four Ps will help every firm to determine the specific issues needed to make the marketing effort a success. The firms must realize that the best long-term approach to marketing is the development of a strong brand. Reference List Ferrell, OC Hartline, MD 2008, Marketing Strategy, Cengage Learning, New York, NY. Holmes, D 2005, Communication Theory: Media, Technology, and Society, SAGE, London, UK. Mercedes-Benz 2013, Mercedes-Benz, https://www.mercedes-benz.com/en/. Thomas, A 2011, Strategies for Branding Success, eBooklt.com, New York. Oralia Frizzellhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10190631328941057613noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3340292122285974384.post-21256633269934120442020-02-20T17:10:00.001-08:002020-02-20T17:10:02.198-08:00Study case (Information Resources Management) Essay - 3Study case (Information Resources Management) - Essay Example It will improve investment in the information technology sector which leads to improved production (Schwalbe, K. 2013). Chief information officer also understands the business enterprises and the requirement by end users, with this it is his responsibility to ensure the information technology sector is able to meet this requirement. With this the Government of Alberta, through Government of Alberta Enterprise Architecture (GAEA) will be able to come up with a effective strategy, which is relevant and applicable in linking the information technology sector to enterprise initiatives. Information technology management and governance in enterprise architecture should be a collective role. It is to bring about professionals from related fields from Canada. They bring together their skills and knowledge to solve the challenges in enterprises. There should have been increased information technology to business interaction in planning and increased degree of formal process implementation. This would have made the plan more realistic thus easy to implement. There was to be equal representation of all stakeholders. In our case it is stand alone project us not having representation of the end users, the people of Alberta. There will be a gap of goods quality. The enterprise sector should be well represented to allow equality thus governance will be simple having no resistance from partners (Davenport, T. 2013). Well-developed information system will yield to proper usage of information system in the establishment of enterprises. This will lead to growth of the economy of Canada. Proper governance of enterprise architecture in the planning of the system is a key Oralia Frizzellhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10190631328941057613noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3340292122285974384.post-11674092150921284772020-02-04T22:54:00.001-08:002020-02-04T22:54:02.483-08:00Business Ethics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 wordsBusiness Ethics - Essay Example It is also significant because it changed the rules businesses had to play by. Now, they have to answer to a public oversight board run by the government, so the stakes are a lot higher if they act in ways that are unethical. Some other ways the Act changed business is in the ways it eliminated conflicts of interest with auditors, and in the enhanced protection it allowed for whistle-blowers, which ââ¬Å"prohibit the employer from taking certain actions against employees who lawfully disclose private employer informationâ⬠in the case of fraud (Ferrell, Fraedrich, Ferrell, 105). Three of the public oversight boardââ¬â¢s duties are the registration of public accounting firms, the inspection of accounting firms, and the enforcement of compliance with accounting rules of the board, professional standards, and securities laws relating to the preparation and issuance of audit reports and obligations and liabilities of accountants (Ferrell, Fraedrich, Ferrell Oralia Frizzellhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10190631328941057613noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3340292122285974384.post-63789111278136757852020-01-27T19:18:00.001-08:002020-01-27T19:18:02.616-08:00A More Perfect Union Speech | Barack ObamaA More Perfect Union Speech | Barack Obama The speech titled A More Perfect Union was delivered by Senator Barack Obama on March 18, 2008 at the National Constitution Centerin Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. The speech responds to the video of Barack Obamas pastor, reverend Jeremiah Wright, in which Wright denounced the United States and accused the government of crimes against people of colour. The pundits and various news media outlets played the clip repeatedly on the television and YouTube. First, the Obamas speech attempts to address the nation on their concerns of his affiliation with Reverend Wright. Second, the speech addresses the sustaining and prevailing issues of race within America and how it paralyses our nation. The speech is compelling because it possesses the necessary elements of effective and persuasive rhetoric; in summation, Obamas rhetoric works. Rhetoric is the study of opposing arguments, misunderstanding, and miscommunication. By addressing the misunderstanding and miscommunication connected to and perpetrated by racism in America, the audience sees precisely how effective Obamas speech is when examined through such lenses as the classical and 20th century rhetorical theories and concepts from Aristotle, Richard Weaver, Stephen Toulmin, Chaim Perelman, and Michel Foucault. Barack Obamas speech echoes the rhetorical concepts of ethos, pathos, and logos that explicitly discussed within Aristotles The Rhetoric. Ethos is how the speakers character and authenticity aids his or her influence of the audience; whereas pathos is a rhetorical device that alters the audiences perceptions through storytelling and emotional appeals (181). Logos uses reason to construct an argument and to covey an idea (182). Finally, kairos attempts to conceptualize the need for the correct timing (201). Therefore, ethos, pathos, logos, and kairos are within the speech and expressed in various ways, striking language and repetition, and through different receptors, emotions and sense. Ethos is accomplished on intellectual, spiritual, and biological levels. Obama does this by giving factual information. He interjects historical references; he explains the extent of his family tree. Thus, Obama gives creditability to his speech and validity to his message. He acknowledges that the press routinely looks for the latest evidence of racial polarization, not just in terms of white and black, but black and brown as well (Obama, par. 7). From this quote, the audience is being persuaded by the theoretical concepts of opposing arguments. The audience is fully aware of the partition between the races, and the speech is very effective due to the fact that Barack Obama is willing to speak of what is often unspoken. When addressing his intellectual ethos, Obama mentions that he has gone to some of the best schools in America (Obama, par. 6). Secondly, he recites, We the people, in order to form a more perfect union, which is easily recognized as the first line in the U.S. Constitution (Obama, par. 2). Even those who do not possess complete knowledge of the famous line immediately understand that something of importance is being conveyed to them. Thirdly, he demonstrates his awareness of past occurrences and present concerns on the global scale. Senator Obama recalls the legacy of slavery and Jim Crow within our nation (Obama, par. 24). He acknowledges the present dangers of conflicts in the Middle East and explains the cause of such conflict (Obama, par. 10). The audience is given evidence that he understands the role of history as well as the present-day global concerns affecting our nation. Furthermore, Senator Obama uses ethos to gain credibility with his knowledge of social issues that pervade our society today. He states, The most segregated hour of American life occurs on Sunday morning (Obama, par. 12). He acknowledges that the resentments of the black and white communities arent always expressed in polite company, but these resentments are manifested within our society in destructive ways, like racism (Obama, par. 31). The audience feels that he is knowledgeable and credible on the immediate topics affecting our future and our daily lives. Ethos is also applied on a spiritual level by mentioning his present faith and making Biblical references. He states that more than twenty years ago [he was] introduce[d] à ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã ¦to Christian faith [with] obligations to love one another, to care for the sick and lift up the poor (Obama, par. 13). He noted how black people merged with the stories of David and Goliath, Moses and Pharaoh, the Christians in the lions den, [and] Ezekiels field of dry bones (Obama, par. 16). Senator Obama is altering the language. Christians did not exist in the Old Testament story of Ezekiel, but Senator Obama is effectively connecting with every major religion. Simultaneously, he is reaching out to the secular world as well. Being cognizant that everyone does not actively practice a religious faith, Obama chooses stories that everyone, Christians and non-Christians, could identify and recognize. Thus, these religious references connect with masses as well as members of the three major religions. Finally, Senator Obama gains ethos by explaining his own genetic makeup. He states that he is the son of a black man from Kenya and a white woman from Kansasà ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã ¦ [He continues that he] is married to a Black American who carries within her the blood of slaves and slave ownersà ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã ¦ [Then, he acknowledges that he has] brothers, sisters, nieces, nephews, uncles and cousins of every race and every hue scattered across three continents (Obama, par. 6). In essence, he reveals that he has the blood of Africa, the birthplace of humanity, and the blood of a woman of French descent within him. He has married a woman who has both slave and slave owner flowing within her. Moreover, he has fathered children who have the blood of humanity: African, European, slave, and the Caucasian slave owner within them. Thus, he is an authority on race. He states, [his] story [is] seared into [his] genetic makeup the idea that this nation is more that the sum of its partsthat out of many, we are truly one (Obama, par. 6). The audience revels at his remarkable story, and ethos is achieved through storytelling. In essence, Obama forges a biological connection with his audience. The connection is strengthened through Senator Obamas use of pathos. It is achieved through the use of emotional appeals. He alters the thoughts and feelings of his audience through storytelling, imagery, and allusion. The topic of race, within itself, evokes strong emotions, even to this very moment, this very second. The senator begins by telling a story of his grandfather who survived a Depression to serve in Pattons army during World War II (Obama, par. 6). The use of key terms such as Depression, Pattons army, and World War II evoke the emotional responses of patriotism and self-sacrifice. Toward the end of his speech, Obama shares another story; he tells of a young, white, Southern campaignerAshley Baiawho inspires an old, black, Southern man to vote (Obama, par. 45-46). In essence, Baia encourages pathos by telling her story. Barack Obama uses Baias story of inspiration to highlight the power in sharing his own story. The audience is able to connect through the emotional appeals that take place at the very core of humanity. It is easy to disrespect and dishonour something that is foreign and unknown, but it is hard to turn away from the essence of another mans soul. As fellow humans, the audience recognizes the sheer humanity in the story. Pathos is also achieved through the use of allusion and imagery. The imagery that is provoked with terms such as slave or slavery is still poignant today. Most people are cognizant of the plight of slaves within this country. The audience would be aware of the racism that ensued and the devastation and isolation that slavery caused in American history. When Barack Obama describes the various ways that racism manifested within our society, pathos is achieved because of the powerful imagery of the allusions to race and racial conflicts within our community. The audience is trapped and becomes aware of the prejudices and experiences of race and racism within their own lives, thus causing emotions to surge and overflow. Pathos, being the weakest form of rhetoric, is utilized by Senator Obama sparingly. Instead, he overwhelmingly utilizes the most powerful form of rhetoric, logos. Logos is the ability to embody rational, logical, methodical thoughts and persuasions. As it relates to Obamas speech, examples of logos are found throughout the text. For example, by displaying objectivity, the element of logos is achieved. Senator Barack Obama methodically explains the problems with race within America, and he gives logical, reasoned resolutions to the problems. He explains, The anger [of Blacks and] the memories of humiliation and doubt and fear have not gone away, nor has the anger and bitterness of those yearsà ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã ¦ [Later he offers resolution and states that] the African-American community [must embrace] our past without becoming victims of our past (Obama, par. 34). Many African-Americans will identify with Obamas assessment of race within the African-American community, and they will be inspired to act in a positive manner. Simultaneously, he acknowledges a similar anger within the white community. They [feel] theyve worked hard all their livesà ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã ¦They are anxious about their future, and they feel their dreams slipping away [and] resentment builds over timeà ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã ¦ [Furthermore, he offers resolution and urges that] the white community [must acknowledge] that what ails the African-American community does not just exist in the minds of black people; that the legacy of discrimination [exists] (Obama, par. 36). From these lines, the audience is persuaded to respond in a positive manner as well, and they are urged to approach the subject of racism both subjectively and objectively. Senator Obama recognizes the duality of both plights and asks the American people not to blame each other but investigate and seek out the true reason of conflict within our nation. Thus, Obama is using inductive and deductive reasoning, which is indicative of logos. By utilizing Aristotles method and system, Obamas appeals to logic are beyond reproach. Once his reasons are defined, he states that this is the time that we must take action and secure our future together, and Obama begins to preach on the importance of time. The issue of time and timing directly correlates with the classical rhetorical term kairos. Obama conveys time in a powerful fashion. In the beginning of his speech, he states, Two hundred and twenty one years ago [our forefathers]à ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã ¦produced [a document that was] eventually signed, but ultimately unfinished. It was stained by the nations original sin of slavery [that] brought the convention to a stalemate until the founders chose to allow the slave trade to continue for at least 20 more years, and leave any final resolution to future generations (Obama, par. 3). Later, he explains how people often manipulate race to win political elections and prevent unity. Barack Obama speaks of the continual war between segments of our community. Then he states, But race is an issue that I believe this nation cannot afford to ignore right now (Obama, par. 23). Furthermore, he acknowledges the complexities of race in America have never been resolved. He urges Americans to come together and solve [the] challenges [in America] (Obama, par. 33). He persuades the audience to racial relations within America a priority. In summary, kairos is aggressively addressed and highlighted. The audience realizes that the problem at hand may have been ignored by our forefathers, but these problems must be addressed now. Toward the end, kairos reaches its peak of effectiveness. Obama states that what has been effectively dividing the races in the past will not happen again: Not this time. This time we want to talk about crumbling schoolsà ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã ¦This time we want to reject the cynicismà ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã ¦This time we want to talk about [healthcare]à ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã ¦This time we want to talk about [jobs]à ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã ¦This time we want to talk about [race]à ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã ¦This time-This time we want to talk about the men and women of every colour and creed who serve together, and fight together, and bleed together under the same proud flag (Obama, par. 40-41). From these lines, the audience feels the urgency of time; the listeners realize that this time America must act. Obama effectually uses the sophistic rhetorical theories and concepts to ignite and unite the audience; however, he also incorporates modern-day rhetorical theories and concepts as well. Specifically, Senator Obama utilizes the hierarchy of definition, analogy, cause and effect, and testimony of the 20th century rhetorician, Richard Weaver. In the introduction of Language Is Sermonic, the narrator summates Weaver as stating, Rhetoricà ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã ¦is a positive act with consequences in the worldà ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã ¦Every utterance is an attempt to make others see the world in a particular way and accept the values implicit in that point of view (1348). Similarly, Obama desires to persuade the audience to see the world from a different perspective, a different lens. First, toward the beginning of the text, Obama defines the Black church. He states, Black churches across the country embody the community in its entirety-the doctor and the welfare mom, the model student and the former gang-bangerà ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã ¦Services are full of raucous laughter and sometimes bawdy humour Full of kindness and cruelty, the fierce intelligence and the shocking ignorance, the struggles and successes, the love [as well as] the bitterness and biases (Obama, par. 18). If one really looks closely at the definition, it is also a definition of America as well as the Black church. By explaining the polarity within the Black church, he explains the polarity within America as a whole. In this way, Obama uses rhetoric in a positive way to impact his audience and highlights that every utterance is an attempt to make others see the world in a particular way [through definition]. Second, Weaver asserts, Rhetoric [is] the most important of all ends, the persuading of human beings to adopt right attitudes and act in response to them (1351). From these lines, one can examine Senator Obamas use of twentieth century rhetorical theories and concepts. Obama uses cause-and-effect by illustrating the history of racism within the United States (1354). He states: We do not need to recite here the history of racial injustice in this country. But we do need to remind ourselves that so many of the disparities that existed between the African-American community and the larger American community today can be traced directly to inequalities passed from an earlier generation that suffered under the brutal legacy of slavery and Jim Crow (Obama, par. 24). In essence, Obama is stating that the racism today has a sordid past in our history; it can not be ignored, but it must be confronted, discussed, and acted upon. Obama is using this cause-and-effect to play on the emotions of his audience. Everyone is aware of the gruesome history, yet, as Weaver puts it, Humanity includes emotionality or the capacity to feel and suffer, to know pleasure (1352). From these lines, it is obvious that Senator Obama uses cause-and-effect to evoke an emotional response and sway the audience to his point of view. Furthermore, Barack Obama utilizes the elements outlined by Stephen Toulmins The Uses of Argument. He uses the schema of the six components in analysing arguments: qualifier, claim, data, warrant, backing, and rebuttal. The qualifier is the word or phrase [that] expresses the speakers degree of force or certainty concerning the claim (1418). Next, the claim is the conclusion whose merit must be established (1417). Then, the data is the fact we appeal to as a foundation for the claim (1417). The warrant is the statement authorizing our movement from the data to the claim (1419). The backing is the credential designed to certify the statement expressed in the warrant; backing must be introduced when the warrant itself is not convincing enough to the readers or the listeners (1420). Finally, the rebuttal is the statement recognizing the restrictions to which the claim may legitimately be applied (1421). The following examples show how Obamas speech utilizes these principles as well: First, by working together, we can move beyond some (qualifier) of our old racial wounds (claim) by virtue of asserting a firm conviction, a conviction rooted in my faith in God and my faith in the American people (data), because we have no choice if we are to continue on a path of a more perfect union (warrant), as we know its a racial stalemate weve been struck in for years (backing)à ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã ¦ Second, the vast majority (qualifier) of Americans want the issue of race to be resolved (claim) by virtue of the desire to perfect our society by young people whose attitudes and beliefs and openness to change have already made history in this election (data), because there is hope in the next generation (warrant)à ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã ¦(Obama, par. 33, 42) Similarly, as a rhetoric, Obama uses Chaim Perelmans techniques to connect to his audience. Perelmans The Realm of Rhetoric states, The importance of rhetoric, of the psychological technique which acts upon the hearers will in order to obtain his adherenceà ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã ¦[B]y showing that for any subject there are two opposing discoursesà ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã ¦the existences of one single truth [is denied] (1379). From these lines, the audience can assume that Senator Obama verbalizes the plight of black, white, and brown Americans. He dismisses a single truth, and Obama accepts multiple truths within a society. He promotes inclusion and commonality among all people despite socio-economics or race, and Obama encourages them to look at both sides of the argument. Thus, he uses psychological techniques in order to connect with his audience. Similar to Aristotles rhetorical concept of kairos, in Chaim Perelmans The New Rhetoric: A Theory of Practical Reasoning he states, Political speakingà ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã ¦urges us either to do or not to do something (1387). Not this time. This time we want to talk about crumbling schoolsà ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã ¦This time we want to reject the cynicismà ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã ¦This time we want to talk about [healthcare]à ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã ¦This time we want to talk about [jobs]à ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã ¦This time we want to talk about [race]à ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã ¦This time-This time we want to talk about the men and women of every colour and creed who serve together, and fight together, and bleed together under the same proud flag (Obama, par. 40-41). From these lines, Obama is calling for action. He is urging the audience to respond and respond now. Using anaphora, the importance of acting now is echoed over and over again. It provokes emotion, pathos. He is promoting social cohesion in his audience. Furthermore, Perelman states, Things present, things near to us in space and time, act directly on our sensibility (1395). Obamas speech parallels this concept. Obama begins by making allusions to Americas historic past: Two hundred and twenty one years ago [our forefathers]à ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã ¦in a hall that still stands across the streetà ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã ¦produced [a document that was] eventually signed, but ultimately unfinished. It was stained by the nations original sin of slavery [that] brought the convention to a stalemate until the founders chose to allow the slave trade to continue for at least 20 more years, and leave any final resolution to future generations (Obama, par. 23). From this quote, Obama even reflects the idea of time, past and present, in the very location in which the speech is given. He is connecting the past to the present. This quote highlights the importance of the location of Obamas speech on race, and how the event at the location has made the present setting possible. Finally, Michel Foucaults The Order of Discourse can easily be applied to Senator Barack Obamas speech on race in America; the political speech delivered in March 2008 concerned the taboo subjects of racism and how racism affected our religious rhetoric. According to the text, Foucault remarks, The desire to locate truth in something other than discourse itself hasà ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã ¦spawned several mistaken beliefsà ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã ¦ [Foucault questions] the will to truth [and attempts to] restore to discourse its character as an event (1432). Likewise Obama seeks to locate truth in his own experiences and through the invitation of discourse with the audience. Senator Obama discusses the discourse of race in America in a reasonable and logical manner, yet he also seems sincere, full of character, and an expert on the topic. Toward the beginning of The Order of Discourse, Foucault states, I should not like to have to enter this risky order of discourse (1460). Obamas speech is a risky order of discourse. Racism in America is, in many ways, ingrained and embedded within the culture. There are deep wounds that accompany a deeply wounded history. Foucault remarks, In a society like oursà ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã ¦We know quite well that we do not have the right to say everything, that we cannot speak of just anything in any circumstances whatever, and that not everyone has the right to speak of anything (1461). Foucaults statement sums up Senator Obamas dilemma. His pastor has spoken words that should not have been uttered-publically at least. Obama states, Weve heard my former pastor, Jeremiah Wright, use incendiary language to express views that have the potential not only to widen the racial divide, but views that denigrate both the greatness and the goodness of our nation and that rightly offend white and black alike (Obama, par. 8). In our society, it is simply not acceptable to transmit racism in a public and formal manner. Racism exists, but it is most often in the subtleties and comforts of familiar spaces and private homes. Thus, Obamas willingness to have an honest conversation on the taboo subject of racism in America is a risky order of discourse. To reiterate, the speech delivered by Barack Obama in March 2008 exemplifies effective rhetorical theories and concepts. Obama hopes to heal Americas turbulent racial legacy and move forward, from the negativity of the past, in a positive, logical manner through ethos, pathos, and logos appeals. First, Senator Obama argues against the long standing racial climate that exists within American society. Second, he broaches subjects that are often discussed in the private sphere but rarely discussed openly. Third, he wants the audience to know that he is an articulate, vibrant, and diverse African-American man who is capable of leading this country forward. Finally, he uses rhetoric to calm the misunderstanding of his personage and his controversial affiliation. In essence, he uses many elements that are exemplified in the classical and modern-day study of rhetoric, blends and expands new rhetorical devices in order to elevate the message, and effectively reaches a broad audience composed of multiple ethnic groups, multiple religions, and multiple socio-economic divisions. Through the rhetoric of language in the speech, Senator Obama proposes to have an honest conversation on race and unite the historical racial divide. In summary, the speech effectively connects to the audience through the multi-media of rhetoric. Oralia Frizzellhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10190631328941057613noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3340292122285974384.post-47233760173542209132020-01-19T15:41:00.001-08:002020-01-19T15:41:03.329-08:00Urban Legend of Vanishing Hitchhiker in Pakistan Essay -- Urban LegendThe Vanishing Hitchhiker in Pakistan During my search for stories, I met a sophomore, nineteen year old male student who is majoring in Chemistry and Math. His parents are from Muzaffarabad, Pakistan. Currently, he lives in Maryland. His father is a cardiologist and his mother is a housewife. His parents immigrated to the United States in the 1970's. The source says this story is known by almost three quarters of the people living in Pakistan. His uncle initially told him the story when he went back to Pakistan for the first time. The story takes place in the mountainous regions of Pakistan that are fairly remote from civilization. However, other versions take place in a middle of small towns. One day, a man is driving along a road that is often surrounded by repetitive landscape, such as continuous mountains and plains. Upon driving for quite some time, he spots a silhouette of a woman a kilometer down the road. As he gets closer, he realizes that it is a young woman wearing a slender white dress, and from her expression, he deduces that she has lost her way and needs to get home. From a quick glimpse at her face, he realizes that she is very beautiful. Confused, but being the caring gentleman that he is, he offers her a ride back to her home. She meekly nods as she slowly enters the car and sits in the passenger seat. He begins talking to her, and the subject matter often varies in different variations, but the consensus is that it is small talk. From the moment she speaks, he is astonished by her beautiful voice. Before long, the man actually becomes attracted to her. They continue talking as he continues driving. At one point in their conversation, he reaches to the right to get his drink by his sid... ...s of society will not recognize one in an encounter either. This reflects the fear that one cannot distinguish the real world from the supernatural world. Works Cited Bennett, Gillian. The Vanishing Hitchhiker at Forty-Five. Long Beach: Western States Folklore Society, 1998. Brunvand, Jan Harold. The Vanishing Hitchhiker: American Urban Legends & Their Meanings. New York: W. W. Norton, 1981. Littlejohn, Carol. "Urban Legends and Other Scary Stories." Unknown journal.15.2 (1996): 27-31. Okonowicz, Ed. Baltimore Ghosts: History, Mystery, Legends, and Lore. Elkton: Myst and Lace Publishing, 2004. Turetsky, Rita. Ghosts and Evil Spirits. Publication information unknown. Wilson, Michael. "The Point of Horror: The Relationship Between Teenage Popular Horror Fiction and the Oral Repertoire." Children's Literature in Education 31.1 (2000): 31-40. Oralia Frizzellhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10190631328941057613noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3340292122285974384.post-75130844140510200272020-01-11T12:05:00.001-08:002020-01-11T12:05:04.460-08:00The Lost Duke of Wyndham Chapter EighteenThree minutes,â⬠Jack said, the moment he pulled the door shut. Because truly, he did not think he could last any longer than that. Not when she was dressed in her nightgown. It was an ugly thing, really, all rough and buttoned from chin to toe, but still, it was a nightgown. And she was Grace. ââ¬Å"You will never believe what has happened,â⬠she said. ââ¬Å"Normally an excellent opening,â⬠he acknowledged, ââ¬Å"but after everything that has happened in the last two weeks, I find myself willing to believe almost anything.â⬠He smiled and shrugged. Two pints of fine Irish ale had made him mellow. But then she told him the most amazing story. Thomas had given her a cottage and an income. Grace was now an independent woman. She was free of the dowager. Jack lit the lamp in his room, listening to her excitement. He felt a prickle of jealousy, though not because he did not think she should be receiving gifts from another man ââ¬â the truth was, she'd more than earned anything the duke chose to portion off to her. Five years with the dowager ââ¬â Good God, she ought to be given a title in her own right as penance for such as that. No one had done more for England. No, his jealousy was a far more basic stripe. He heard the joy in her voice, and once he'd banished the dark of the room, he saw the joy in her eyes. And quite simply, it just felt wrong that someone else had given her that. He wanted to do it. He wanted to light her eyes with exhilaration. He wanted to be the origin of her smile. ââ¬Å"I will still have to go with you to County Cavan,â⬠Grace was saying. ââ¬Å"I can't stay here by myself, and I wouldn't want Amelia to be alone. This is all terribly difficult for her, you know.â⬠She looked up at him, so he nodded in response. Truthfully, he hadn't been thinking very much of Amelia, selfish as that was. ââ¬Å"I'm sure it will be awkward with the dowager,â⬠Grace continued. ââ¬Å"She was furious.â⬠ââ¬Å"I can imagine,â⬠Jack murmured. ââ¬Å"Oh, no.â⬠Her eyes grew very wide. ââ¬Å"This was extraordinary, even for her.â⬠He pondered that. ââ¬Å"I am not certain if I am sorry or relieved that I missed it.â⬠ââ¬Å"It was probably for the best that you were not present,â⬠Grace replied, grimacing. ââ¬Å"She was rather unkind.â⬠He was about to say that it was difficult to imagine her any other way, but Grace suddenly brightened and said, ââ¬Å"But do you know, I don't care!â⬠She giggled then, the heady sound of someone who can't quite believe her good fortune. He smiled for her. It was infectious, her happiness. He did not intend that she should ever live apart from him, and he rather suspected that Thomas had not given her the cottage with the intention that she live there as Mrs. Jack Audley, but he understood her delight. For the first time in years, Grace had something of her own. ââ¬Å"I'm sorry,â⬠she said, but she could not quite hide her smile. ââ¬Å"I should not be here. I didn't mean to wait up for you, but I was just so excited, and I wanted to tell you, because I knew you'd understand.â⬠And as she stood there, her eyes shining up at him, his demons slipped away, one by one, until he was just a man, standing before the woman he loved. In this room, in this minute, it didn't matter that he was back in Ireland, that there were so many bloody reasons he should be running for the door and finding passage on the next ship to anywhere. In this room, in this minute, she was his everything. ââ¬Å"Grace,â⬠he said, and his hand rose to touch her cheek. She curled into it, and in that moment he knew he was lost. Whatever strength he'd thought he possessed, whatever will to do the right thing ââ¬â It was gone. ââ¬Å"Kiss me,â⬠he whispered. Her eyes widened. ââ¬Å"Kiss me.â⬠She wanted to. He could see it in her eyes, feel it in the air around them. He leaned down, closerâ⬠¦but not enough so their lips touched. ââ¬Å"Kiss me,â⬠he said, one last time. She rose on her toes. She moved nothing else ââ¬â her hands did not come up to caress him, she did not lean in, allowing her body to rest against his. She just rose on her toes until her lips brushed his. And then she backed away. ââ¬Å"Jack?â⬠she whispered. ââ¬Å"I ââ¬â â⬠He almost said it. The words were right there, on his lips. I love you. But somehow he knew ââ¬â he had no idea how, just that he did ââ¬â if he said it then, if he gave voice to what he was certain she knew in her heart, it would scare her away. ââ¬Å"Stay with me,â⬠he whispered. He was through being noble. The current Duke of Wyndham could spend his life doing nothing but the right thing, but he could not be so unselfish. He kissed her hand. ââ¬Å"I shouldn't,â⬠she whispered. He kissed her other hand. ââ¬Å"Oh, Jack.â⬠He raised them both to his lips, holding them to his face, inhaling her scent. She looked at the door. ââ¬Å"Stay with me,â⬠he said again. And then he touched her chin, tipped her face gently up, and laid one soft kiss on her lips. ââ¬Å"Stay.â⬠He watched her face, saw the conflicted shadows in her eyes. Her lips trembled, and she turned away from him before she spoke. ââ¬Å"If I ââ¬â â⬠Her voice was a whisper, shaky and unsure. ââ¬Å"If I stayâ⬠¦Ã¢â¬ He touched her chin but did not guide her back to face him. He waited until she was ready, until she turned on her own. ââ¬Å"If I stayâ⬠¦Ã¢â¬ She swallowed, and shut her eyes for a moment, as if summoning courage. ââ¬Å"Can youâ⬠¦Is there a way you can make sure there is no baby?â⬠For a moment he could not speak. Then he nodded, because yes, he could make sure there was no baby. He had spent his adult life making sure there would be no babies. But that had been with women he did not love, women he did not intend to adore and worship for the rest of their lives. This was Grace, and the idea of making a baby with her suddenly burned within him like a shining, magical dream. He could see them as a family, laughing, teasing. His own childhood had been like that ââ¬â loud and boisterous, racing across fields with his cousins, fishing in streams and never catching a thing. Meals were never formal affairs; the icy gatherings at Belgrave had been as foreign to him as a Chinese banquet. He wanted all of that, and he wanted it with Grace. Only he hadn't realized just how much until this very moment. ââ¬Å"Grace,â⬠he said, holding her hands tightly. ââ¬Å"It does not matter. I will marry you. I want to marry you.â⬠She shook her head, the motion fast and jerky, almost frenzied. ââ¬Å"No,â⬠she said. ââ¬Å"You can't. Not if you are the duke.â⬠ââ¬Å"I will.â⬠And then, damn it all, he said it anyway. Some things were too big, too true, to keep inside. ââ¬Å"I love you. I love you. I have never said that to another woman, and I never will. I love you, Grace Eversleigh, and I want to marry you.â⬠She shut her eyes, looking almost pained. ââ¬Å"Jack, you can't ââ¬â ââ¬Å" ââ¬Å"I can. I do. I will.â⬠ââ¬Å"Jack ââ¬â ââ¬Å" ââ¬Å"I am so tired of everyone telling me what I cannot do,â⬠he burst out, letting go of her hands to stalk across the room. ââ¬Å"Do you understand that I don't care? I don't care about the bloody dukedom and I certainly don't care about the dowager. I care about you, Grace. You.â⬠ââ¬Å"Jack,â⬠she said again, ââ¬Å"if you are the duke, you will be expected to marry a woman of high birth.â⬠He swore under his breath. ââ¬Å"You speak of yourself as if you were some dockside whore.â⬠ââ¬Å"No,â⬠she said, trying to be patient, ââ¬Å"I do not. I know exactly what I am. I am an impoverished young lady of impeccable but undistinguished birth. My father was a country gentleman, my mother the daughter of a country gentleman. We have no connections to the aristocracy. My mother was the second cousin to a baronet, but that is all.â⬠He stared at her as if he hadn't heard a word she'd said. Or as if he'd heard but hadn't listened. No, Grace thought miserably. He'd listened but he hadn't heard. And sure enough, the first words from his mouth were: ââ¬Å"I don't care.â⬠ââ¬Å"But everyone else does,â⬠she persisted. ââ¬Å"And if you are the duke, there will be enough of an uproar as it is. The scandal will be amazing.â⬠ââ¬Å"I don't care.â⬠ââ¬Å"But you should.â⬠She stopped, forcing herself to take a breath before she continued. She wanted to grab her head and press her fingers into her scalp. She wanted to make fists until her fingernails bit into her skin. Anything ââ¬â anything that would eat away at this awful frustration that was pulling her inside out. Why wasn't he listening? Why couldn't he hear that ââ¬â ââ¬Å"Grace ââ¬â â⬠he began. ââ¬Å"No!â⬠She cut him off, perhaps more loudly than she ought, but it had to be said: ââ¬Å"You will need to tread carefully if you wish to be accepted into society. Your wife does not have to be Amelia, but it must be someone like her. With a similar background. Otherwise ââ¬â ââ¬Å" ââ¬Å"Are you listening to me?â⬠he cut in. He grasped her shoulders, holding her in place until she looked up at him, directly into his eyes. ââ¬Å"I don't care about ââ¬Ëotherwise.' I don't need for society to accept me. All I need is you, whether I live in a castle, a hovel, or anything in between.â⬠ââ¬Å"Jackâ⬠¦Ã¢â¬ she began. He was being naive. She loved him for it, nearly wept with joy that he adored her enough to think he could so thoroughly flout convention. But he didn't know. He had not lived at Belgrave for five years. He had not traveled to London with the dowager and seen firsthand what it meant to be a member of such a family. She had. She had watched, and she had observed, and she knew exactly what was expected of the Duke of Wyndham. His duchess could not be a nobody from the neighborhood. Not if he expected anyone to take him seriously. ââ¬Å"Jack,â⬠she said again, trying to find the right words. ââ¬Å"I wish ââ¬â ââ¬Å" ââ¬Å"Do you love me?â⬠he cut in. She froze. He was staring at her with an intensity that left her breathless, immobile. ââ¬Å"Do you love me?â⬠ââ¬Å"It doesn't ââ¬â ââ¬Å" ââ¬Å"Doâ⬠¦youâ⬠¦love me?â⬠She closed her eyes. She didn't want to say it. If she did, she would be lost. She would never be able to resist him ââ¬â his words, his lips. If she gave him this, she would lose her last defense. ââ¬Å"Grace,â⬠he said, cradling her face in his hands. He leaned down and kissed her ââ¬â once, with aching tenderness. ââ¬Å"Do you love me?â⬠ââ¬Å"Yes,â⬠she whispered. ââ¬Å"Yes.â⬠ââ¬Å"Then that is all that matters.â⬠She opened her lips to try one last time to talk sense into him, but he was already kissing her, his mouth hot and passionate on her own. ââ¬Å"I love you,â⬠he said, kissing her cheeks, her brows, her ears. ââ¬Å"I love you.â⬠ââ¬Å"Jack,â⬠she whispered, but her body had already begun to hum with desire. She wanted him. She wanted this. She did not know what tomorrow would bring, but at this moment she was willing to pretend that she did not care. As long as ââ¬â ââ¬Å"Promise me,â⬠she said urgently, grasping his face firmly in her hands. ââ¬Å"Please. Promise me that there will be no baby.â⬠His eyes shuttered and flared, but finally he said, ââ¬Å"I promise you I will try.â⬠ââ¬Å"You will try?â⬠she echoed. Surely he would not lie about this. He would not ignore her plea and later pretend that he'd ââ¬Å"tried.â⬠ââ¬Å"I will do what I know how to do. It is not completely foolproof.â⬠She loosened her grip and showed her acquiescence by allowing her fingers to trail along his cheeks. ââ¬Å"Thank you,â⬠she whispered, leaning up for a kiss. ââ¬Å"But I promise you this,â⬠he said, sweeping her into his arms, ââ¬Å"you will have our baby. I will marry you. No matter who I am, or what my name is, I will marry you.â⬠But she no longer had the will to argue with him. Not now, not when he was carrying her to his bed. He laid her down atop the covers and stepped back, quickly undoing the top buttons of his shirt so he could pull it over his head. And then he was back, half beside her, half atop her, kissing her as if his life depended upon it. ââ¬Å"My God,â⬠he almost grunted, ââ¬Å"this thing is ugly,â⬠and Grace could not help but giggle as his fingers attempted to do their magic on her buttons. He let out a frustrated growl when they did not comply, and he actually grasped the two sides of her nightgown, clearly intending to wrench it apart and let the buttons fly where they might. ââ¬Å"No, Jack, you can't!â⬠She was laughing as she said it; she didn't know why it was so funny ââ¬â surely de-flowerings were meant to be serious, life-altering affairs. But there was so much joy bubbling within her. It was difficult to keep it contained. Especially when he was trying so hard to complete such a simple task and failing so miserably. ââ¬Å"Are you sure?â⬠His face was almost comical in its frustration. ââ¬Å"Because I am fairly certain that I do a service to all mankind by destroying this.â⬠She tried not to laugh. ââ¬Å"It's my only nightgown.â⬠This, he appeared to find interesting. ââ¬Å"Are you saying that if I tear it off, you will have to sleep naked for the duration of our journey?â⬠She quickly moved his hand from her bodice. ââ¬Å"Don't,â⬠she warned him. ââ¬Å"But it's so tempting.â⬠ââ¬Å"Jackâ⬠¦Ã¢â¬ He sat back on his heels, gazing down at her with a mixture of hunger and amusement that made her shiver. ââ¬Å"Very well,â⬠he said, ââ¬Å"you do it.â⬠She had been intending to do just that, but now, with him watching her so intently, his eyes heavy-lidded with desire, she felt almost frozen in place. How could she be so brazen as to strip before him? To peel her clothing from her body ââ¬â to do it herself. There was a difference, she realized, in taking off her own clothing and allowing herself to be seduced. Slowly, fingers trembling, she reached for the top button of her nightgown. She couldn't see it; it was far too high, almost to her chin. But her fingers knew the motions, knew the buttons, and almost without thinking, she slipped one free. Jack sucked in his breath. ââ¬Å"Another.â⬠She obeyed. ââ¬Å"Another.â⬠And again. And again, until she reached the one that lay between her breasts. He reached down then, his large hands slowly spreading the two sides of her gown open. It did not reveal her to him; she'd not unbuttoned enough for that. But she felt the cool air on her skin, felt the soft tickle of his breath as he leaned down to place one kiss on the flat plane of her chest. ââ¬Å"You are beautiful,â⬠he whispered. And when his fingers moved this time to the buttons on her nightgown, he mastered them with no difficulty at all. He took her hand and gave it a gentle tug, indicating for her to sit up. She did, closing her eyes as the nightgown fell away. With her vision dark, she felt more keenly, and the fabric ââ¬â nothing but a plain, serviceable cotton ââ¬â raised shivers of sensation as it slid along her skin. Or maybe it was just that she knew he was looking at her. Was this what it had felt like for that woman? The one in the painting? She must have been a woman of some experience by the time she'd posed for Monsieur Boucher, but surely there had to be a first time for her, as well. Had she, too, closed her eyes so she could feel a man's gaze upon her body? She felt Jack's hand touching her face, the tips of his fingers softly trailing along the line of her neck to the hollow of her shoulder. He paused there, but only for a moment, and Grace sucked in her breath, waiting for the intimacy that awaited her. ââ¬Å"Why are your eyes closed?â⬠he murmured. ââ¬Å"I don't know.â⬠ââ¬Å"Are you afraid?â⬠ââ¬Å"No.â⬠She waited. She gasped. She even jumped, just a little, when his fingers slid along the outer curve of her breast. She felt herself arching. It was strange. She'd never thought about this, never even wondered what it might be like to have a man's hands stroking her in this way, but now that the moment was upon her, she knew exactly what she wanted him to do. She wanted to feel him cupping her, holding her entirely in his palm. She wanted to feel his hand brushing against her nipples. She wanted him to touch herâ⬠¦dear God, she wanted him to touch her so badly, and it was spreading. It had moved from her breasts to her belly, to the hidden spot between her legs. She felt hot, and tingly, and searingly hungry. Hungryâ⬠¦ there. It was without a doubt the strangest and most compelling sensation. She could not ignore it. She didn't want to ignore it. She wanted to feed it, indulge it, let him teach her how to quench it. ââ¬Å"Jack,â⬠she moaned, and his hands moved until he was cradling both of her breasts. And then he kissed her. Her eyes flew open. His mouth was on her now, on the very tip, and she actually clasped one of her hands to her mouth, lest she scream with the pleasure of it. She hadn't imaginedâ⬠¦She'd thought she'd known what she wanted, but thisâ⬠¦ She hadn't known. She clutched at his head, using him for support. It was torture, and it was bliss, and she was barely able to breathe by the time he dragged his mouth back up to hers. ââ¬Å"Graceâ⬠¦Graceâ⬠¦Ã¢â¬ he murmured, over and over, his voice sliding into her skin. It felt as if he was kissing her everywhere, and maybe he was ââ¬â one moment it was her mouth, and next her ear, and then her neck. And his hands ââ¬â they were wicked. And relentless. He never stopped moving, never stopped touching her. His hands were on her shoulders, and then her hips, and then one of them started sliding down her leg, tugging at her nightgown until it slipped off her entirely. She should have been embarrassed. She should have felt awkward. But she didn't. Not with him. Not when he was gazing down at her with such love and devotion. He loved her. He'd said he did, and she believed him, but now she felt it. The heat, the warmth. It shone from his eyes. And she understood now how a woman might find herself ruined. How could anyone resist this? How could she resist him? He stood then, breathing hard, working at the fastenings of his breeches with frantic fingers. His chest was already bare, and all she could think was ââ¬â He's beautiful. How could a man be so beautiful? He'd not led a life of leisure; this, she could see. His body was lean and firm, his skin marred here and there with scars and calluses. ââ¬Å"Were you shot?â⬠she asked, her eyes falling on a puckered scar on his upper arm. He looked down, even as he pushed off his breeches. ââ¬Å"A French sniper,â⬠he confirmed. He smiled, rather lopsidedly. ââ¬Å"I am fortunate he was not better at his craft.â⬠It should not have been so amusing. But the statement was soâ⬠¦ him. So matter of fact, so understated and dry. She smiled in return. ââ¬Å"I almost died, too.â⬠ââ¬Å"Really?â⬠ââ¬Å"Fever.â⬠He winced. ââ¬Å"I hate fevers.â⬠She nodded, pinching the corners of her lips to keep from smiling. ââ¬Å"I should hate to be shot.â⬠He looked back at her, his eyes alight with humor. ââ¬Å"I don't recommend it.â⬠And then she did laugh, because it was all so ludicrous. He was standing there naked, for heaven's sake, clearly aroused, and they were discussing the relative unpleasantness of gunshot wounds and fevers. He crawled onto the bed, looming over her with a predatory expression. ââ¬Å"Grace?â⬠he murmured. She looked up at him and nearly melted. ââ¬Å"Yes?â⬠He smiled wolfishly. ââ¬Å"I'm all better now.â⬠And with that, there were no more words. When he kissed her this time, it was with an intensity and fervor that she knew would carry them through to completion. She felt it, too ââ¬â this desire, this relentless need ââ¬â and when he nudged his leg between hers, she opened to him immediately, without reservation, without fear. How long he kissed her, she couldn't possibly have known. It seemed like nothing. It seemed like forever. It felt like she had been born for this moment, with this man. As if somehow, on the day of her birth, this had all been preordained ââ¬â on October the twenty-eighth, the year of our Lord 1819, she would be in Room 14 of the Queen's Arms Inn, and she would give herself to this man, John Augustus Cavendish-Audley. Nothing else could possibly have happened. This was how it was meant to be. She kissed him back with equal abandon, clutching at his shoulders, his arms, anywhere she could gain purchase. And then, just when she thought she could handle no more, his hand slipped between her legs. His touch was gentle, but still, she thought she might scream from the shock and wonder of it. ââ¬Å"Jack,â⬠she gasped, not because she wanted him to stop, but because there was no way she could remain silent amidst the onslaught of sensation brought forth by that simple touch. He tickled and teased, and she panted and writhed. And then she realized that he was no longer just touching her, he was inside of her, his fingers exploring her in a manner so intimate it left her breathless. She could feel herself clench around him, her muscles begging for more. She didn't know what to do, didn't know anything except that she wanted him. She wanted him, and something only he could give her. He shifted position, and his fingers moved away. His body lifted off hers, and when Grace looked up at him, he seemed to be straining against some irresistible force. He was holding himself above her, supporting himself on his forearms. Her tongue moved, preparing to say his name, but just then she felt him at her entrance, pressing gently forward. Their eyes met. ââ¬Å"Shhh,â⬠he murmured. ââ¬Å"Just waitâ⬠¦I promiseâ⬠¦Ã¢â¬ ââ¬Å"I'm not scared,â⬠she whispered. His mouth moved into a lopsided smile. ââ¬Å"I am.â⬠She wanted to ask what he meant and why he was smiling, but he began to move forward, opening her, stretching her, and it was the strangest, most amazing thing, but he was inside of her. That one person could enter another seemed the most spectacular thing. They were joined. She could not think of any other way to describe it. ââ¬Å"Am I hurting you?â⬠he whispered. She shook her head. ââ¬Å"I like it,â⬠she whispered back. He groaned at that, and thrust forward, the sudden motion sending a wave of sensation and pressure through her. She gasped his name and grabbed his shoulders, and then she found herself in an ancient rhythm, moving with him, as one. Moving, and pulsing, and straining, and then ââ¬â She shattered. She arched, she moaned, she nearly screamed. And when she finally came down and found the strength to breathe, she could not imagine how she could possibly still be alive. Surely a body could not feel that way and live to repeat it. Then, abruptly, he pulled out of her and turned away, grunting and groaning his own satisfaction. She touched his shoulder, feeling the spasms of his body. And when he cried out, she did not just hear it. She felt it, through his skin, through her body. To her heart. For a few moments he did not move, just lay there, his breathing slowly returning to normal. But then he rolled back over and gathered her into his arms. He whispered her name and kissed the top of her head. And then he did it again. And again. And when she finally fell asleep, that was what she heard in her dreams. Jack's voice. Soft, whispering her name. Jack knew the exact moment she fell asleep. He was not sure what it was ââ¬â her breathing had already softened to a slow, even sigh, and her body had long since stilled. But when she fell asleep, he knew. He kissed her one last time, on her temple. And as he looked down at her peaceful face, he whispered, ââ¬Å"I will marry you, Grace Eversleigh.â⬠It did not matter who he was. He would not let her go. Oralia Frizzellhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10190631328941057613noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3340292122285974384.post-25561712265644088302020-01-03T08:29:00.001-08:002020-01-03T08:29:02.942-08:00Business Structure Of New Zealand Essay - 955 Words 2. Step by step procedure to set up a company in New Zealand There are many steps are involved to setup a company in New Zealand. Business Structure Limited liability Company A company could be a formal and legal entity in its title and breaks free its shareholders or homeowners. Shareholders liability for losses is proscribed to their share of possession of the corporate. This doesn t apply once company administrators have given personal guarantees for company debts, wherever an organization has been mercantilism whereas insolvent or is taken into account to be trading recklessly. In New Zealand, you ll be able to register (incorporate) an organization on-line through the businesses workplace. Thereââ¬â¢s a little fee, presently NZ$150. The indebtedness company has tried to be the foremost standard and prospering kind of business structure in New Zealand. it s the advantage of serving to foster confidence within the businesses by governing the relationships between investors (shareholders), administrators and creditors and by giving customers, investors and alternative stakeholders a clearer image of UN agency and what they re managing. Sourcing Market information Obviously youââ¬â¢ll need to grasp the maximum amount as you ll concerning the market and opportunities for your business. Statistics New Zealand includes a big selection of on-line data tables and tools which will facilitate. Check local authority rules Before putting in with premises, discuss with your nativeShow MoreRelatedNew Zealand And Indian Culture Essay1551 Words à |à 7 Pagesbehaviours of other members of their culture. New Zealand is a powerful supporter of decrease in trade barriers as well as the concept and multilateral trading systems. 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Conclusion and Recommendations For New Zealand tourism has a lot to offer but at the same time, care has to be taken not to mistreat Oralia Frizzellhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10190631328941057613noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3340292122285974384.post-66410933401964481222019-12-26T04:56:00.001-08:002019-12-26T04:56:02.719-08:00Don Giovanni Opera in Modern Times Essay - 723 Words Don Giovanni Opera in Modern Times Music has the capability to bring forth many emotions and feelings in a person. Depending on the tone and the melody of the music, emotions such as anger, joy, and grief may arise. For example, rap music, in general, brings forth emotions such as anger, frustration, and rage to a persons mind. Melodies such as Celine Dions My Heart Will Go On and Aerosmiths I Dont Want To Miss A Thing often arouse emotions of love, sadness, and hope; lovey-dovey feelings which remind a person of a past or current love. In Mozarts Opera Don Giovanni, many emotions and feelings, such as hatred, distress, and sorrow are portrayed and felt through the characters. Opera is a unique genre of spoken word andâ⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦Although her words are brash and unkind (regardless of how just she is in her accusations), the music carries a distinctive rhythm that provokes the feeling of sorrow and pain; thus one finds oneself feeling sympathy for Elvira. The character of Elvira makes a clear distinction between her sorrow, and her anger. In Act I when Elvira is first introduced as a character, she sings of wanting to kill Don Giovanni because he had lied to her. Falsely promising her his hand in marriage, this only leads to heartache and distress for Elvira because she truly believed that he loved her. Leporello described it, in the Peter Sellars updated version of Don Giovanni, as a bad soap opera. Elvira expresses her pain and suffering in these few lines: Ah, who can tell me where that wretch has gone? I loved him, to my shame, and he broke his faith to me. If I find him again, and he tries to escape, Ill make a horrible scandal; Ill tear his heart from his breast! (Act I, 143). During this scene, Elvira vows to kill Don Giovanni for causing her this grief. She states that the scoundrel (Don Giovanni) has deceived and betrayed (Act I, 145) her! She was powerless to his love and gained nothing in return except pain and anguish. One can hear the mixed tone of Elviras voice; it is strong and full of fury, yet weak and almost tearful. To accompany her words, Mozart has added a unique blend of classicalShow MoreRelatedPhantom of the Opera Review776 Words à |à 3 Pages Phantom of the Opera is the longest running musical to date and has become one of the most beloved and well known musicals on Broadway. The musical was inspired and loosely based on the characters and the story of the book Phantom of the Opera by Gaston Leroux. 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Mozart was a very influential and prolific composer of more than 600 works, including symphonies, concertante, chamber, piano, opera, and choral music. Regarded as a child prodigy, Mozart composed and performed in the European courts from the age of five, and was engaged at the Salzburg court at 17. Mozartââ¬â¢s musical style can be classified as Classical, although he learned fromRead MoreWestern Art Music : A Constant State Of Flux Since Its Creation1426 Words à |à 6 Pageshas been unparalleled and unwavering for hundreds of years from sacred medieval music to modern day pop hits. Western Art music began taking the shape that we know today after the fall of Rome with Medieval music. Almost all music from that time was commissioned by the church (Secular music) and were required to be written down in order to share with other members of the congregation. 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The concert featured many well-known works by famous compos ers such as Camille Saint-Saens, Modest Mussorgsky, and Berlioz Oralia Frizzellhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10190631328941057613noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3340292122285974384.post-59060485996011784432019-12-18T00:45:00.001-08:002019-12-18T00:45:02.473-08:00Research Paper on Dyckman Farm House and Museum - 650 Words Research Paper ââ¬â Dyckman Farm House Museum Dyckman Farmhouse Museum narrates the story of rural Northern Manhattan, a landscape and a life that disappeared in the makeover of a farming community to urban neighborhood. Through the history of the Dyckman family and farm, the museum discovers life in early 19th century rural Manhattan and the protection of that memory in the early 20th century. The Dyckman Farm house Museum is a historical place that reminds us of how the city looked and how it has changed throughout time. The history of the Dyckman Farm House Museum began after the American Revolution. William Dyckman, son of Jan Dyckman, build the house on Kingsbridge Road (Broadway). The Dyckman house was eventually passed toâ⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦The little historic house was hovering higher than the actual street, extremely different from its surroundings, a reversion of time. I never went to the house until this project came out. I immediately though about visiting the Dyckman Farm and Museum. Surprisingly, when I went the museum entrance only cost $1 and it took me about an hour to see the interior and 30 minutes to walk through the garden. The Dyckman Farm House Museum is small enough that you can self-guide. There are 7 rooms, and one of the most interesting is the main parlor. The house in general is well maintained and the farm house is only open Friday to Sundays from 11:00 am to 5:00 pm. The experience of visiting the Dyckman Farm House Museum gave me the opportunity to have an understanding of how beautiful and soundless the city was. Similarly to what George J. Demko said on his essay ââ¬Å"A Sense of Placeâ⬠, ââ¬Å"All places change. They change in themselves and they change relative to other places, and they may cause in other places. We may imagine there are certain places magically untouched by time or change.â⬠This quotation indeed relates to the sense of magic surrounded to the Dyckman Farm House Museum and how this old colonial-styled house is in the middle of subways, bus stations and buildings, yet it feels like time has not changed. The experience of visiting the Dyckman Farm House and Museum meant Oralia Frizzellhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10190631328941057613noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3340292122285974384.post-87836070328232059402019-12-09T21:26:00.001-08:002019-12-09T21:26:04.969-08:00Information Technology Management Issues â⬠Myassignmenthelp.com Question: Difference between Information System and Information Technology? Answer: Introduction Information Technology has an important role and helps the development of the industry at present years. The applications of IT have brought several changes in the business of an organization. User generated reviews as well as feedbacks on the websites helps to popularize the services by the world of mouth. Present study described the difference between information system and information technology related to the case scenario. In addition, impact of deploying websites for booking the hotel rooms and overall information technology on the organization and its customers are analyzed and recommendations are provided in the report. Law, Buhalis and Cobanoglu (2014) stated that information systems and information technology are usually considered as same terms. However, information technology is one of the subsets of information systems. Information systems can be considered as umbrella term for the systems of an organization, people and procedures designed in order to create and store, manipulate, distribute as well as disseminate the information. Information system acts as a bridge between a business and computer science (Lawet al. 2013). An information system consists of information theory, foundations of management, social science and information technology. On the other hand, information technology is included in the categories of information systems. It can be defined as study, design, deploy and support computer based information systems. IT consists of hardware, software and databases along with networks. In addition, Information Technology governs acquisition and processing as well as dissemination of digital information that are generated through computing and telecommunications. In the present case scenario, operations and processes such as supply chain including thousands of hotels and its operations are included. In addition, customer loyalty schemes like StayTogether, rebates on the airlines, corporate socially responsibility program and donating expenses to charity as well as opening of booking.com are included in the information system of the group of ten hotel chains (Zervas, Proserpio Byers, 2014). On contrary, as information technology only deals with computer and telecommunication related data like operations related to booking.com are consisted of information technology of the organization. Impact of IS and IT on customer service From an economic view point, information system is one of the major factors of production, which can be substituted for capital as well as labour. The information technology makes automation for the procedures of production and lessens the capital and labour required in order to generate specified result. Transaction cost theory gives a statement regarding development of organizations size for obtaining certain factors and services that are internally low cost for participating in the market (Cantallops Salvi, 2014). Information technology allows the organizations in order to obtain products as well as services in affordable price compared to others. Thus, information technology system assists the organization to increase its revenue during shrinking in size. On the other hand, agency theory views the organization as a nexus of contracts among the self-centred individuals clearly supervised for ensuring purse to the interests of the particular organization. However, information technology can assist to minimize agency cost in terms of coordinating several people as well as activities. In the international tourism scenario, it has been found that information system is largely accepted. The users of information system are not just involved in managerial activities. They are also involve to make suitable policy, planners, stakeholders and tourists. Fraj, Matute and Melero (2015) commented that the significance of information system in present case scenario help to combat several hotels in a chain in order to facilitate uses by understanding their demands and fulfilling as well. The customer loyalty scheme named as StayTogether is initiated by the organization with the help of applying proper information system technology In addition, fixing up price like operations are included in the effective planning and implementing of information systems in the particular organization. Including buffet breakfast and dinner in the hotel room price is one of the initiatives taken by the management of the organization to attract new customers. On the other hand, corporate social responsibility policy is one of the major polices achieved with the help of effective implementation of information systems in the company or group of hotels. As mentioned by Xiang, Magnini, and Fesenmaier (2015), at present days, travel and information technology become good motivator to the emerging global economy. Hotel business being an intangible product, it has obtained a lot from specific application of information technology. In this perspective, intangibility is related to the products that engages the incurred cost and dissatisfied customers. Information technology can be utilized in order to minimize the intangibility through ensuing that possible customers has lack of communication or transferring and transferring of important information. The opinion makes the entire system of information technologies being rapidly diffused in hotel industry. Hence, the influence of information technology in hotel industry is similar to the modern scenario of business that has a diverse range of information systems. In addition, many of the information systems are utilized in the hospitality sector. Therefore, identifying the types of informat ion system can be utilized in the organization. The system interviews as well as questionnaire methods are used. The information systems such as accounting systems for back office of the hotels and front office systems, self-service kiosks, Call accounting systems and electronic locking system, energy management systems are also used with the help of information systems. In addition, point of scale systems, restaurant management systems, credit card readers along with self check machines are included in the information systems. With the help of information systems, credit card readers are utilized in all hotels that can be categorized. PMS are mainly utilized in five star hotels to some of the extents in four star as well as three star hotels. Front office systems are usually utilized in the categories staring from three stars. On the other hand, accounting systems are generally utilized in those categories (Yeet al. 2014). The energy management systems are mainly utilized by the hotel in five stars hotels. The point of scale systems are generally utilized extensively in the five star hotels. Furthermore, restaurant management systems are presence in three stars and above as well. The report reveals that there are major usages of information systems in the hotels and limited to the accounting as well as credit card readers. There are approximately 50 % of surveyed hotels are utilized information system. On the other hand, nearly 75 % hotels use information system and there are 31 % of the three star hotels use information systems. On the other hand, information technology has evolved and becomes a major part of each aspects of the business. The hotel industry has accepted the changes in information technology and thee is moving towards integration of new technologies for fulfilling the target of satisfying demands of the organization. In order to get close to the adoption issue, it is required to focus on the process of adoption. The information technology serves the target of satisfying demands of the customers. Accompanying technological revolution in 1990, there are several opportunities as well as challenges for hotel business. The importance of the applications of information technology as well as use of internet has a large influence in the hotel industry. Strategic framework would be helpful to analyze the impact of information technology on the hotel business. Market wisdom at present days suggests that hotels need to embrace technology in order to complete against of traditional competitors. However, new entrants develop businesses with the latest technology. The new models of distribution need to be designed in order to lead the changes. The modern applications of information technology in the hotel business can be grouped under major areas such as operational, guest service as well as management of information (Yeet al. 2014). The functionality of applications are helpful to improve the service of business. These supports for instance have tendency to use the minicomputers for managing property. Diffusion of the system of IT in hotels increases efficiency, quality as well as flexibility in the hotel. It is required to have effective tactical as well as strategic management. The customers in the medium of internet are more than passive recipients in the process of marketing. Internet is one of the interactive mediums as opposed to the traditional marketing that generally allows one-way communication from marketer to the customers. PEST analysis would be helpful to analyze the market strengths for using the information technology in the business. Political / legal: The policies of the Government have a huge effect on internet users along with its potential development, through introducing the new policies as well as limitations. In addition, the privacy as well as security issues have an important role. Thus, the providers of internet need to consider the ethical matters as well as the usage of personal data that are stored within networks. In the present case scenario, launching of websites for booking hotel need to consider and fulfil all these factors in order to overcome the issues faced for these. Hotels deploying IT to gain competitive advantage may also face the legal risks for potential violation of the anti-trust laws as well as violation of privacy. The policies as well as processes need to be created in order to promote the comprehension of legal risks. Economic: Internet is not sensitive to the economic cycles. On contrary, it is considered that the hotel sales from the internet are affected through making economic changes in the countries from the booking of customers. It includes several changes for economic development and rates of interest (Yeet al. 2014). The inflation in currency fluctuations can be mitigated with the help of using IT in the business of the organization. Social/ Cultural: The changes in demography as well as attitudes of customers towards implementation of new technology have direct impact on business of the hotel chain. At present days, the customers are more skilled as well as advanced in utilization of the technology. In addition, the social system dimension needs to include larger social as well as political procedures through which interests of distinctive social groups makes interaction with each other and technology. Technological: Development of computerised networks as well as electronic distribution systems led to the huge structural changes within hotel industry. CRS becomes essentially in a database, which enables the organization in order to manage inventory as well as enhance accessibility to the information among the partners. Individual product suppliers in the industry became aware that the systems of integration as well the subsequent creation of shop window allows the products to be showed as well as bought across the world. IT would be important determining factor in the perspectives of competitiveness as well as profitability of the operations. It results new all-encompassing GDSs are matured from the original development. On the other hand, GDSs are the major drivers of the information technologies in hotel and being the backbone of industries. In addition, GDSs are single most significant facilitator of making globalized IT. Along with these, developments in GDSs are complemented through introduction as well as expansion of Internet. The development is facilitated in unprecedented scopes for having distribution of the multimedia information as well as interactivity between the principals as well as the consumers (Fraj, Matute Melero, 2015). It acts as interlinking structure of internet that enables provision along with the packaging of information, products along with the services. Furthermore, the information on the websites is chaotic and not well structured. Hence, it is required to have proper security measures in the websites so that the users can transact in safe and secured way. Recommendations With the present development of communication and information technology, it becomes necessary to implement the IT in the business of the organization. However, there are some problems faced by the organization at the time of deploying in the system of the organization and after deployment as well. In order to reduce the risks factors and overcome the challenges, some measures can be taken that are provided as followed. The organization needs to analyze the business scopes, target customers and potential infrastructure at first before deploying and using IT as one of the major parts of the process. It is important to launch used friendly and quickly accessible websites that can launched easily in the users devices. In addition, it is important to use secured data base for storing confidential information of the customers. Securing the process of transaction could be helpful to attract more number of customers and retain old customers for long by giving a belief of secured transaction process. Conclusion Rom the above discussion, it can be concluded that information system and information technology has an important role in hotel industry. Several programs like communication with stakeholders effectively can be achieved with the help of information system. On the other hand, corporate social responsibility, StayTogether loyalty reward system would be helpful for the organization in order to gain competitive advantages in the market. In addition, effective utilization of information system would be useful for the organizations to participate in the charity program. On contrary, enabling information technology and its applications are useful to combat difficult market situations for adopting communication and information technology in the business processes. References Cantallops, A. S., Salvi, F. (2014). New consumer behavior: A review of research on eWOM and hotels.International Journal of Hospitality Management,36, 41-51. Fraj, E., Matute, J., Melero, I. (2015). Environmental strategies and organizational competitiveness in the hotel industry: The role of learning and innovation as determinants of environmental success.Tourism Management,46, 30-42. Law, R., Buhalis, D., Cobanoglu, C. (2014). Progress on information and communication technologies in hospitality and tourism.International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management,26(5), 727-750. Law, R., Leung, D., Au, N., Lee, H. A. (2013). Progress and development of information technology in the hospitality industry: Evidence from Cornell Hospitality Quarterly.Cornell Hospitality Quarterly,54(1), 10-24. Nieves, J., Segarra-Ciprs, M. (2015). Management innovation in the hotel industry.Tourism Management,46, 51-58. Xiang, Z., Magnini, V. P., Fesenmaier, D. R. (2015). Information technology and consumer behavior in travel and tourism: Insights from travel planning using the internet.Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services,22, 244-249. Ye, Q., Li, H., Wang, Z., Law, R. (2014). The influence of hotel price on perceived service quality and value in e-tourism: an empirical investigation based on online traveler reviews.Journal of Hospitality Tourism Research,38(1), 23-39. Zervas, G., Proserpio, D., Byers, J. W. (2014). The rise of the sharing economy: Estimating the impact of Airbnb on the hotel industry.Journal of Marketing Research. Oralia Frizzellhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10190631328941057613noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3340292122285974384.post-64266391904936276432019-12-02T09:08:00.001-08:002019-12-02T09:08:04.423-08:00Write Your Book Without Writing a Word! Working with a Ghostwriter to Get Your Book Written - The Writers For Hire WRITE YOUR BOOK WITHOUT WRITING A WORD! WORKING WITH A GHOSTWRITER TO GET YOUR BOOK WRITTEN Thereââ¬â¢s a fairly well known saying, attributed to the influential journalist, Christopher Hitchens (1949-2011), that states, ââ¬Å"Everyone has a book in them, but in most cases thatââ¬â¢s where it should stay.â⬠Whether he meant the idea or story isnââ¬â¢t actually worth telling, or not everyone has the ability to tell the idea or story in a compelling way, or both, is hard to say. Many people believe they have a book inside them just waiting to come out. You may be one of them. If you have always dreamed of writing a book or seeing your ideas in print with your name on the cover, yet you arenââ¬â¢t a writer and donââ¬â¢t know the first thing about the process of writing a book, do you have options? Can you still see your book completed and in print with your story written in a compelling, interesting way? If you are reading this, you have a book in you and you just need to know how to move it from idea to the written page, all without having to learn the necessary writing skills and the months (even years) it could take to produce it. Getting Your Book Written The most obvious way to write your book is to pen it yourself. Writing your book on your own is a great option if you are a hands-on person and you want full control of your book. But it does require having the knowhow, time (a book can take anywhere from a few months to a year or more to complete), and desire to write and complete your project. You also have to enjoy writing. The benefit of writing your book yourself is certainly the pride you gain from accomplishing the task. It also helps build your skills as a writer and you get full control of the words and how the book turns out. It is also the least expensive route. The alternative is to hire someone else to write your book ââ¬â a ghostwriter. This is a professional writer (or group of writers) who will organize and outline, write, and edit your book from beginning to end. Ghostwriting is a great option: you get your book written by a professional who knows the process and will work with you to make sure you get the book youââ¬â¢re envisioning. You get your name on the book, and the ghostwriter takes no credit. How to Hire a Ghostwriter Once youââ¬â¢ve decided to go the ghostwriting route, the next step is finding the right ghostwriter. Your choice will depend on several factors, including your budget, timeline, goals, and even your personality and preferred working style. There are several ways to find the right ghostwriter: 1. Use a Freelance Bidding Website There are many freelance bidding websites where you can hire anyone for just about anything. Writers are a particularly popular commodity on sites like Upwork, Guru, and even Fiverr. On Upwork alone there are an estimated 12 million registered freelancers (in various industries, not just writing) with only an estimated three million jobs posted annually. Just type ââ¬Å"ghostwriterâ⬠in the search bar and youââ¬â¢ll get tens of thousands of writers from all over the world, ready to bid on your project to write your book for you. This option allows you to be as involved as you want: You can simply give your ghostwriter an idea and let them run with it, or you can provide detailed information and direction. Using a bidding site is a cheaper option, with many writers available to ghostwrite books for as little as $100. You can pay by the hour or by the project, and you can often put the project fee into escrow to ensure the project will get done or you wonââ¬â¢t have to pay, with milestone check-ins along the way. Remember, though, that most of the time you also get what you pay for. Quality can be an issue when hiring freelance ghostwriters from such sites. There is no guarantee that the writer can actually write, or that they can write your project in the way you envision it. There might be more limited contact with the writer and you might be hiring someone who speaks and writes English as a second language. If you choose this option, itââ¬â¢s important to perform a bit of due diligence to make sure that you donââ¬â¢t get an end product thatââ¬â¢s unusable, or in need of extensive editing and rewriting. Always check writerââ¬â¢s reviews from past clients and request a writer with experience fluent in your native language. If you want to be more involved, make sure the writer is easy to meet or have contact with. And get periodic updates using the milestone features on the site, scheduling to get sample chapters to review before going too far into the project. 2. Hiring a Turnkey Book Writing Service A step up from a freelance bidding site, this option is ideal for people who know what they want in their book and who can explain their ideas clearly and easily. From this option, you have two choices. You can handle much of the work yourself by organizing your information and then dictating your book into an audio or video recorder. Once done, you can hand your recording over to a service company; theyââ¬â¢ll take your recordings, transcribe them into written form, and send you a book. If youââ¬â¢d like more of a back-and-forth working relationship, you can hire a service company that offers a more personalized book writing experience. You meet with one of the companyââ¬â¢s ghostwriters and they familiarize themselves with your book idea and the style of book you want. They then do in-depth, recorded interviews with you to not only get all the information you want in your book, but also to get a sense of your voice. From there, they transcribe the information they collected on audio and edit the recordings, completing the transcription of your book into written form. Companies like Scribe Writing or Radius Book Group are examples of this option. And some of these types of companies not only provide the interview, transcribe, and provide you with a written book, but they will take your finished project all the way through to the layout and printing and offer a marketing plan as well. Keep in mind, in this process, the service company is basically transcribing the words you speak with minimal or limited editing or revising. 3. Hiring a Professional Ghostwriter The third option for writing your book is to hire a freelance ghostwriter. A freelance ghostwriter is a single individual, dedicated to your book. The right match with a good ghostwriter, can be a rewarding experience, and the arrangement carries a certain amount of romanticism. Celebrities, political figures, athletes and VIPs from all walks of life are known to hire ghostwriters to write their memoirs or autobiographies. Good freelancers can be hardworking and dedicated to your project. Unfortunately, other freelancers can be fickle and peevish if things donââ¬â¢t go their own way, and you wonââ¬â¢t necessarily know that until further down the road in your new relationship ââ¬â sometimes after dozens of hours of interviews. When choosing your freelancer, a good tip: A freelancerââ¬â¢s ability to sell themselves to you has little to do with their ability to write your book. So, donââ¬â¢t jump at the one that sounds the best simply because he or she gave you a good spiel. Call their references. Without proper due diligence, you can invest a lot of time and money before finding out the writer doesnââ¬â¢t fit your project or your own working style. Another tip: Be sure to ask how much time they can devote to your book, and if they have had success completely projects on deadline in the past. Remember that when you hire an individual, you are at the whim of his or her timeline. While some individual ghostwriters spend most of their time writing, others may consider it a part-time job, meaning your project will need to work around their life. On the other hand, if your writer makes a living ghostwriting, you may have to wait for an opening in their schedule and even then they may be juggling you and several other projects which can make for a long process. 4. Hiring a Ghostwriting Company If you want a more hands-on experience with more options, hiring a ghostwriting company might be the best choice for you. You will still have the opportunity to develop a one-on-one relationship with your writer (complete with frequent in-person interviews), but youââ¬â¢ll also have the safety net of company management if a problem ever arises. Plus, with a senior editor available for all stages of your book, those closest to the book (you and your ghostwriter) will always receive objective editorial feedback. When you are done, the firm will consult on all of your available publishing options ââ¬â from traditional publishing to print-on-demand services ââ¬â so you can choose the option that is best for your story. A ghostwriting company allows for the ability to ââ¬Å"go where the project takes you,â⬠in a way that may be difficult with another writing model.Tweet this Want to scan hundreds of photos? Need to track down hard-to-reach expert sources for interviews? Maybe you want genealogy tracked back to 10 generations, or you are determined to find a needle-in-the-haystack research item only available on microfilm. You might need a team to sort through hundreds of pages of old legal and medical documents, chronologically sort every piece of material, cross reference it against topic categories and cite it all. Quality ghostwriting companies are used to receiving out-of-the boxrequests, and they have the manpower to make them happen, without distracting from your bookââ¬â¢s progress. Finally, because a writing team can share the workload, ghostwriting companies can often take on rush projects and maintain quality, in a way that is simply impossible for a one-man show. If youââ¬â¢re looking for attentive, white-glove service, lots of interaction with your writers, and an end product limited only by your imagination, this last option may be the best for you. Oralia Frizzellhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10190631328941057613noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3340292122285974384.post-15478292624333869942019-11-27T01:15:00.001-08:002019-11-27T01:15:03.629-08:00Sports Ethics and Our SocietySports Ethics and Our Society Sports ethics is that branch of the philosophy of sport addressing the specific ethical questions that arise during and around sports competitions. With the affirmation of professional sports in the past century as well as the rise of a voluminous entertainment industry related to it, sport ethics has come to be not only a fertile terrain for testing and developing philosophical notions and theories, but also a foremost point of contact between philosophy, civil institutions, and the society at large. Lessons of Respect, Justice, and Integrity Sports are based on the fair enforcement of rules. At a first approximation, this means that every contestant (being an individual player or a team) has the right to see the rules of the game applied in equal measure to each and every contestant while having the duty to try and respect the rules as best as possible. The educational importance of this aspect, not just for children and young adults but for everyone, can be hardly overstated. Sport is a critical tool to teach justice, the respect of rules for the benefit of a group (the contestants as well as the spectators), and honesty.And yet, as it happens outside a competition, one may wonder if - at times - players are justified in seeking an unequal treatment. For instance, when breaking the rule will offset some mistaken call that the referee has made earlier the game, or will partially make up for some economic, social, or political inequities that stand in between the contesting teams, it seems that a player may have some ju stifiable motives for breaking the rule. Isnââ¬â¢t it simply fair that a team who has had a valid touch down not counted in will be given some minor advantages over the next attack or defense situation?This is, of course, a delicate matter, which challenges our ideas circa justice, respect and honesty in a way that mirrors the key issues humans face in other spheres of living. Enhancement Another major area of confrontation regards human enhancement and, most notably, cases of doping. Considering how invasive the application of drugs and medical techniques is to the contemporary professional sport, it has become increasingly difficult to set an intelligent boundary between those performance enhancers that shall be tolerated and those that shall not be tolerated. Every professional athlete competing for a well-off team receives medical aids to enhance his or her performances in amounts that range from thousands of dollars to hundreds of thousands and, perhaps, millions. On one hand, this has contributed to spectacular results, which much add to the entertainment side of sport; on the other, however, wouldnââ¬â¢t it be simply more respectful for the athletesââ¬â¢ health and safety to set the bar for tolerance of enhancers as low as possible? In what ways enhancers have affected the relationship between body and soul among athletes? Money, Just Compensationà and the Good Life The increasingly high salaries of certain athletes and the disparity between the pay of the most visible ones as opposed to the pay of the least visible ones have also offered the opportunity to rethink the issue of just compensation that much attention had received in eighteen hundred philosophy, with authors such as Karl Marx. For instance, what is the just compensation for an NBA player? Should NBA salaries be capped? Should student athletes be granted a salary, in consideration of the business volume generated by NCAA competitions?The entertainment industry associated with sports also offers us, on a daily basis, the opportunity to ponder to what extent income can contribute to leading a good life, one of the central themes of ancient Greek philosophy. Some athletes are sex symbols too, generously rewarded for offering their body image (and sometimes their private lives) to the public attention. Is that really the life of a dream? Why or why not? Further Online Reading IAPSââ¬â¢s website, the International Association for the Philosophy of Sport, with links also to its official publication outlet, the Journal of the Philosophy of Sport.A resource guide to the Philosophy of Sport prepared by Dr. Leon Culbertson, Professor Mike McNamee, and Dr. Emily Ryall.A blog devoted to the philosophy of sport, with news and events.Recommended reading: Steven Connor, A Philosophy of Sport, Reaktion Books, 2011.Andrew Holowchack (ed.), Philosophy of Sport: Critical Readings, Crucial Issues, Prentice Hall, 2002. Oralia Frizzellhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10190631328941057613noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3340292122285974384.post-88894700118960245742019-11-23T08:49:00.001-08:002019-11-23T08:49:03.464-08:00How Teachers Can Ease Students First Day JittersHow Teachers Can Ease Students' First Day Jitters As elementary school teachers, we can sometimes find ourselves easing our young students through times of transition. For some children, the first day of school brings anxiety and an intense desire to cling to parents. This is known as First Day Jitters, and its a natural occurrence that we may even have experienced ourselves when we were children. Beyond whole class Ice Breaker activities, its important to be aware of the following simple strategies that teachers can employ to help young students feel comfortable in their new classrooms and ready to learn in school all year long. Introduce a Buddy Sometimes one friendly face is all it takes to help a child transition from tears to smiles. Find a more outgoing, confident student to introduce to the nervous child as a buddy who will help him or her learn about the new surroundings and routines. Partnering up with a peer is a practical shortcut to helping a child feel more at home in a new classroom. The buddies should stay connected during recess and lunch for at least the first week of school. After that, make sure the student is meeting lots of new people and making several new friends at school. Give the Child Responsibility Help the anxious child feel useful and part of the group by giving him or her a simple responsibility to help you out. It could be something as simple as erasing the whiteboard or counting out colored construction paper. Children often crave acceptance and attention from their new teacher; so by showing them you rely on them for a certain task, you are instilling confidence and purpose during a critical time. Plus, staying busy will help the child focus on something concrete outside of his or her own feelings at that moment. Share Your Own Story Nervous students can make themselves feel even worse by imagining that they are the only ones who feel so worried about the first day of school. Consider sharing your own first day of school story with the child in order to reassure him or her that such feelings are common, natural, and surmountable. Personal stories make teachers appear more human and approachable to children. Make sure you mention specific strategies you used to overcome your feelings of anxiety and suggest the child try the same techniques. Give a Classroom Tour Help the child feel more comfortable in his or her new surroundings by offering a short guided tour of the classroom. Sometimes, just seeing his or her desk can go a long way toward easing uncertainty. Focus on all of the fun activities that will happen around the classroom that day and all year long. If possible, ask the childs advice for a certain detail, such as where best to place a potted plant or what color construction paper to use on a display. Helping the child feel connected to the classroom will help him or she visualizes life in the new space. Set Expectations with Parents Often, parents exacerbate nervous children by hovering, fretting, and refusing to leave the classroom. Children pick up on parental ambivalence and perhaps will be just fine once theyre left on their own with their classmates. Dont indulge these helicopter parents and allow them to stay past the school bell. Politely (but firmly) tell the parents as a group, Ok, parents. Were going to get our school day started now. See you at 2:15 for pickup! Thank you! You are the leader of your classroom and its best to take the lead, setting healthy boundaries and productive routines that will last all year long. Address the Whole Class Once the school day gets started, address the whole class about how were all feeling jittery today. Assure the students that these feelings are normal and will fade with time. Say something along the lines of, Im nervous, too, and Im the teacher! I get nervous every year on the first day! By addressing the whole class as a group, the anxious student wont feel singled out. Read a Book About First Day Jitters: Find a childrens book that covers the topic of first-day anxiety. A popular one is called First Day Jitters. Or, consider Mr. Ouchys First Day which is about a teacher with a bad case of back to school nerves. Literature provides insight and comfort for a wide variety of situations, and first-day jitters are no exception. So work it to your advantage by using the book as a springboard for discussing the issue and how to deal with it effectively Compliment the Student At the end of the first day, reinforce positive behavior by telling the student that you noticed how well he or she did that day. Be specific and sincere, but not overly indulgent. Try something like, I noticed how you played with the other kids at recess today. Im so proud of you! Tomorrows going to be great! You might also try complimenting the student in front of his or her parents at pickup time. Be careful not to give this special attention for a long while; after the first week or so of school, its important for the child to start feeling confident on his or her own, not dependent upon teacher praise. Oralia Frizzellhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10190631328941057613noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3340292122285974384.post-9915359214013719582019-11-21T04:37:00.001-08:002019-11-21T04:37:08.303-08:00Personal Statement for a Business and Finance Final year studentFor a Business and Finance Final year student - Personal Statement Example and I believe in life that the best educational institutes brings out the best in any scholar , this is why I have chosen to further my education at Hult International Business School. I realized early in life that we are put on this earth to build important things. Businesses are the drivers of our economy and the building blocks of society. Over the next five years, I hope that the things I learn at Hult will put me on a path to both professional and personal development. My short term goal is to start a small business. My long-term goal is to turn that business into a multinational company. My desire to study business stems from a willingness to make money and help others. I think that a job is the best form of social assistance. From the beginning, I have been interested in this field of study. I completed a Bachelors degree in Business and Finance, earning very good marks along the way. I learned that itââ¬â¢s businesspeople who create jobs. Studying business will ultimately be a highly rewarding experience. Therefore I am motivated in completing the business program successfully. I possess the intellectual commitment and compassionate interest to make this a satisfying and successful vocation. I truly want to leave my mark on the world by helping others. I realize this will not be an easy task, but I am motivated and determined. My perseverance and diligence will help me to reach my ultimate objective of completing the program successfully. Having a Masters from your institution will open up many doors for me. Please consider me for Hult International Business Oralia Frizzellhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10190631328941057613noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3340292122285974384.post-21203127368522989522019-11-19T21:26:00.001-08:002019-11-19T21:26:05.328-08:00Not All Companies Are Viewed as Equal AssignmentNot All Companies Are Viewed as Equal - Assignment Example Various significant aspects including the role play by capitalism in corporate decision making, detailed analysis of a selected business situation and the execution of certain effective theories will also be discussed in the assignment. Nowadays, every company operating in dissimilar industries is apparently observed to be offering the products in accordance with the preferences or the choices of the customers. As an advocate, I would like to support the industries, as due to global economic pitfall; the purchasing power of the general people is getting limited, which in turn affects their profitability at large. It can be affirmed that in order to sustain in this land of free trade, industries of different scales need to produce low-cost goods for serving the customers according to their respective preferences (Frank, 2007). Evidently, the notion of capitalism is identified to play decisive roles in the context of corporate decision-making procedure. It can be apparently observed that the aspect of capitalism has risen by a considerable extent specifically in the corporate sector with the gaining momentum of free trade. This certainly affected the decision-making procedure of the corporate sector at large. Every industry desires to sustain in this competitive landscape and earn more profit. Thus, the decision-making procedure in corporate sector has certainly changed the entire business environment with the alignment of free trade. Identifiably, due to the prevalence of high competitive market, every entrepreneur has emerged with the execution of new ideas. These ideas may entail liberalizing the operational or business procedures and appropriately using the accessible resources among others (Bell & et al., 1988). The existence of varied ethical theories often advocates supporting either the consumers or the industries in the land of free trade. In the context of Oralia Frizzellhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10190631328941057613noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3340292122285974384.post-78863749399602200692019-11-17T09:58:00.001-08:002019-11-17T09:58:08.160-08:00Case Brief Essay Example for Free Case Brief Essay Mr. David R. Bullock filed an appeal from his convictions for attempted statutory rape, and attempted sexual exploitation of a minor. David R. Bullock put himself in numerous conversations via email and chat rooms with a Newton County Deputy Sheriff who was conducting a sting operation against pedophiles. The Deputy took on a persona of a thirteen year old female by the name of ââ¬Å"Ashley Anneâ⬠. Many of the conversations that took place between Mr. Bullock and ââ¬Å"Ashleyâ⬠were of a sexual nature. During conversations between Mr. Bullock and ââ¬Å"Ashleyâ⬠, he discussed how he would like to engage in certain acts (sexual) with her and her friends (girls of younger age) and how he would like to video those acts. He informed ââ¬Å"Ashleyâ⬠that the conversations about meeting with her and her friends should not be discussed because it was not legal for them to meet. Eventually a meeting was scheduled for a time and a place to meet and specific instructions were given to ââ¬Å"Ashleyâ⬠on how the meeting should take place. ââ¬Å"Ashleyâ⬠was told that upon her arrival to the specified location, she should meet Mr. Bullock in a specific area of that location. History On October 18, 2002, Mr. Bullock and the decoy ââ¬Å"Ashleyâ⬠were present at the specified location, along with computer and video equipment in his vehicle, which ultimately leads to the arrest of Mr. Bullock. At the time of the arrest, Mr. Bullock did not deny having conversations with ââ¬Å"Ashleyâ⬠but explained that if she would arrive, he just wanted her to be counseled by the authorities on the dangers of meeting strangers on the internet. Mr. Bullock argues that his case is a case of entrapment and that he took no ââ¬Å"substantial stepsâ⬠towards committing the crimes he has been charged with. Issue: The sufficiency of the evidence is challenged and Appellant claims an entrapment defense for the reason that he was not predisposed to engage in the charged offenses, we shall set forth in greater detail a series of sordid internet and telephone communications between Appellant and the purportedââ¬â°3 victim than we usually would. Holding First, Appellant does not admit that he committed the crimes for which he was convicted and, second, there is no evidence that Appellant was not predisposed, ready and willing to commit these crimes. ââ¬â Appellant did not meet his burden of injecting into the case a proper case for entrapment. Rational Appellant tendered four jury instructions alleging the affirmative defense of entrapment. ââ¬â Appellant cites to the evidence that Ashley induced Appellant to take the ââ¬Å"substantial stepâ⬠of committing the crimes of statutory rape and sexual exploitation of a minor when he was not otherwise so inclined. ââ¬â Appellant contends that he was only willing to express his fantasies, which was not a crime he was charged or convicted of, and he was not willing to act upon his fantasies without the inducement by Ashley. ââ¬â He notes that Ashley initiated the majority of contacts with Appellant; specifically, he claims Ashley initiated seventeen of the nineteen instant messages and four of the eight e-mails between her and Appellant. ââ¬â Appellant indicated the portions of the conversations where Ashley first proposed that Appellant come to Diamond and persisted in trying to set a firm date; he claims he was reluctant to act on his desires. ââ¬â Appellants cla im that he would not have committed the charged offenses but for the enticement by Ashley is not supported by the evidence. Oralia Frizzellhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10190631328941057613noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3340292122285974384.post-61684209941111275502019-11-14T22:30:00.001-08:002019-11-14T22:30:05.660-08:00Matthew Henson :: Essays PapersMatthew Henson Great Men Have Great Assistants ââ¬Å"As I stood there on the top of the world and I thought of the hundreds of men who had lost their lives in their effort to reach it [North Pole], I felt profoundly grateful that I had the honor of representing my race.â⬠With these words, Matthew Henson planted the American flag on the North Pole. During the past, black Americans have not received the acknowledgement they deserved. Such was the case of Matthew A. Henson. He was the first person to discover the North Pole, although Robert Peary is usually credited with this feat. Henson passed away in relative obscurity, in 1955, and was not given recognition until 1988, when he was reburied in Arlington National Cemetery with full honors. Matthew Henson was born on August 3, 1866 in Baltimore, Maryland. He was raised in Carrol County. At an early age, Hensonââ¬â¢s mother died, leaving him alone to live with his father. Unfortunately the family experienced problems with the Klu Klux Klan. To escape the problems and make a better life for his son, Hensonââ¬â¢s father moved the family to Washington, D.C.. While Hensonââ¬â¢s father worked, he took care of the elderly uncle they lived with. While still living in Washington Hensonââ¬â¢s father died, leaving him in care of his uncle. The uncle was mean and abusive to the point that it caused him to runaway from the only home he had. For awhile, Henson wandered the streets. He was a poor, ragged, and uneducated kid. What could he offer to someone to earn a living? Finally, he came to a small restaurant. The owner hired Henson to sweep and mop the floors, clean the kitchen and wash the dishes. Henson had no place to stay so they owner let him sleep on the floor of the restaurant after closing. One day, Henson saw a sign advertising a ship captain looking for young men to work on his ship. Since he had nothing better to do, Henson decided to sign up. That was the beginning of Hensonââ¬â¢s sailing career. For the rest of Hensonââ¬â¢s teenage years, Henson sailed around the world. He learned much aboard the ship such as: mathematics, navigation, the operations of a ship, and how to read books and maps. By the age of 21, Henson was a skilled and experienced sailor. Between his terms at sea, Henson would sometimes work to earn a little money. One job he had would change the course of his life. While a store clerk in Washington, D. Oralia Frizzellhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10190631328941057613noreply@blogger.com0